Inquiry Into Internal Identity Of Confucianism And Taoism

After the introduction of Chinese thought into Japan,it became a necessary task for Japanese people that make it for a study or interpret.Because of the tendency of thought, Confucian thought took root in Japan;nevertheless,because of its antisocial parts, Taoism did not become an object of study.As a progressively evolved Confucian thought, it has acquired status as orthodox and been in the spotlight.In fact,so many scholars have not seen the essential relationship between Confucian thought and Taoism in a new light for a long time.These scholars only recognize it as two different theories of Chinese philosophy.As a case of same study by Chinese scholars,also many scholars take and specialize it as an object of study,but a large part of the scholars,because of own sense of discrimination between Confucian thought and Taoism,recognize it as two theories of Chinese philosophy being quite distinct from each other at first,then seek for a similarity and mutuality.This thesis upholds in that Chinese philosophy connotes Confucian thought and Taoism as own manifold,so itself is unitary;and,by this view of point,reconsider the essential relationship between Confucian thought and Taoism.In the chapter 1 of this thesis,the part of "the studies of the relationship between Confucian thought and Taoism by Japanese and Chinese scholars," it deliberates the perspectives by Japanese and Chinese scholars on this problem.As presentation of the perspectives by Japanese and Chinese scholars,there are more than 20-people's perspectives within this 100-year.Also there is an explanation for appearances after the introduction of Chinese ancient philosophy into Japan,in the part of Japanese scholars. It historically explains why and how Japanese people respects for Confucian thought. Then it categorizes the perspectives into four parts:(1) the subject of Chinese philosophy is Confucian thought;(2) the subject of Chinese philosophy is Taoism;(3) the subject of Chinese philosophy is two of Confucian thought and Taoism;(4) the subject of Chinese philosophy is one which created by Confucian thought and Taoism.After weighing,this thesis is in agreement with the last.Because three of them start to discriminate as a first step,so it originally has division of the relationship,there is no way to recognize it as whole.In the chapter 2 of this thesis,the part of "study on the cultural premise of the intrinsic consistency of Confucian and Taoist," there is a study on:(1) social situation and the issue in the era of Pre-Qin;(2) its cultural premise as direct;(3) primitive formation of Confucian thought and Taoism.Shijing vividly describes the social situation and problems of Pre-Qin.Being faced with actual problems,scholars in the era of Pre-Qin ponder over contradiction between actual problems and the principle of social system. They think over the more rational way to live in this process.The metaphysical basis of think is in the concept of "Tiandao".The concept of "Tiandao" has two attributions:(1) is the attribution of nature;(2) is the attribution of society.In other words,it is the organic unity of the two.Taoists make a point of the attribution of nature;Confucians make a point of the attribution of society.They make different points of the attribution; nevertheless,the concept of "Tiandao" is organized by the two attributions,so there is no divorce between the attribution of nature and the attribution of society.Concerning the difference of Confucian thought and Taoism in their formation,because:philosophy of Confucianism makes much of pure practical reason;philosophy of Taoism makes much Of pure theoretical reason.The relationship of the two is necessary.Philosophy of Confucianism makes philosophy of Taoism own basis,presides and assimilates,then brings it to perfection as the relationship.In the chapter 3 of this thesis,the part of "a historical study on the consistency of Confucian thought and Taoism," it divides history of Chinese philosophy into three stages:(1) is the era of Pre-Qin;(2) is WeiJin;(3) is the era of SongMing.The era of Pre-Qin is the time of parallel creation;the era of WeiJin is the time of having a clear consciousness of their relationship;the era of SongMing is the time to complete the intrinsic consistency.First,because of the difference for their points,Confucian thought and Taoism made different theory;but,there was sympathy in founders' internal feeling in the era of Pre-Qin.Second,through out the controversy of words and idea,or being and nothingness,philosophers tried to solve the problem of principle on nature and society.To the time of GuoXiang,he has finally solved the problem and gave it unification. In the final,through out mutual assimilation between ChengYi,ZhuXi as delegates of "Lixuepai" and LuJiuyuan,WangYangming as delegates of "Xinxuepai",finished their theoretical assimilation.Looking Chinese ancient philosophy from the angle of intrinsic logic,the subject of Chinese philosophy is neither Confucian thought nor Taoism.Confucian thought and Taoism originally have intrinsic unification,and also make the entirety for Chinese ancient philosophy.