The Research On Social Deixis In Chinese

The research on the characteristics, ways of expression , meaning and pragmatics will be useful to know the essence of social deixis more deeply. It will not only enrich the existed researches on deixis but also guide persons to communicate each other in a right way by concluding the characteristics and rules of usage.The paper started to explore the core of the characteristics, ways of expression , meaning and pragmatic nature reflected by social deixis, and the research is based on definition of social deixis.Social deixis is a kind of linguistic structure which can express the social characters and statue of the communicators. It can be realized in some words or grammatical categaries. There are four kinds of deixis. Social deixis is one of them . It is important in communication because it has the function to express the ID, statue of communicaters and relationship between them. It is also related to person deixis,appellation,surroundings,politeness and also accompanied closely by speech act.In view of the nature and influencing factors above, social deixis has the features of rank,nationality and politeness. Rank is that the communicators can know their ID, rank statue by these social deixis. This characteristics can be found in some parts of grammar system of Korean and Japanese that express the statue of communicators, for example, the structure of respectiveness. Communicators can do well in communication with the help of these linguistic structures, for they can give some information of the ID about the communicators. Nationality is that social deixis is as different in linguistic and pragmatics as in nationalities , for examples ,the structure of respectiveness in Korean and Japanese, structure of T/V in some languages. Such structures can not be found in Chinese . But apostrophe and modest and honorific words have the same social function as the structures in Korean and Japanese. Politeness is the right usage of social deixis according to the different necessariness. Firstly, in pragmatics social deixis is the sign of speech meaning in fact. It functions as a invitation or a notice to lead the opposite to take part in the communication. Secondly, it can not be understood clearly, if it is away from the surroundings. Thirdly, it is different with other kinds of deixis in that it can carry the message of social things ,ID, position, statue and relationships of communicators. These messages reveal that the communicators are social, which gives the name to the social deixis. This is also the reason for the name of social deixis.Social deixis shows its social functions in different structures of language: words, phonetics, and others just like grammar, ect. Apostrophe, modest and honorific words are in the form of words . Intonation,tone and modal are in the ways of phonetics. Some kinds of sentences are used as social deixis sometime except for the words and phonetics.Social deixis also shows the relationships by extra meaning , relation meaning and emotion reference. Extra meaning is social and subjective. It reflects the denotation of social culture, and subjective factors such as attitude,psychological,emotion and comments. It can show the emotion, psychological distance, affinity distance and comments. Relation meaning is the meaning that can show the relationships, such as relative apostrophe that reflects the social relationship of patriarchal system, social apostrophe reflects the culture of rank statue, modest and honorific words reflect the ideas about rank, the doctrine of the mean , self-degraded, and statue. Emotion meaning is about emotion reference that the emotion refer to .The message of emotion carried by social deixis always refer to the special reference. Some message refers to self, some refers to the opposite, others refers to what the communicators said. Self-reference is just a way to express the emotion for commnunicators. Opposite-reference is the way to express different emotions to the opposite. It can express indifference, likeness , dislikeness and rage, ect.Further analysis on semantic of social deixis in this paper is based on former results of academic research, such as voice forms of modal,tone,tone of voice; we bring forward the view that social deixis has the characters of rank,nationality and politeness, as well as interpret the whole characteristics of semantics.