Analysis Of Civic Structure In Yantai Before Zhe War Of Resistance Against Japan

From the angle of sociology, this article is trying to analyse the development of civic factors in Yantai before the War of Resistance and those factors' role during urbanization. Getting rid of the traditional limitation of class relations and political position of different groups, it explores some civic factors during the period of Japan and puppet army and futher demonstrates their significance in the social developing process of Yantai, which also shows that those civic factors have maintained consistent characteristic during the urban development of Yantai and prevent from researching on citizens limitedly. Since ports were opened for trade in 1861 until the War of Resistance broke out, promoted by domestic and foreign trades, Yantai has developed from a small village into one of the important nothern commercial harbor cities. Along with its rapid emergence, the socio-economic arrangements have changed enormously. Professions and way of living are getting diversified. Besides, new jobs appear increasingly. Therefore, an urban occupational structure is created, and the traditional social structure of "scholars, peasants, workers and businessman" collapses. Civic factors vary day by day and are rapidly differentiated with citizens of all ranks communicating actively. From the angle of society stratification, the society of Yantai before the War of Resistance can be divided into three classes in general: the upper class consisting primarily of the group of rich merchants, the middle class consisting mainly of the group of clerks , and the lower class consisting mostly of poor people as workers, labors, shop asistants and appretices. Differences between citizen groups on espects of income, consumption, education, social interaction, cultural entertainment, etc. finally bring about their different positions and functions in the social developing process of Yantai.