The Issue And Ponder Of Philosophy Textbook

This article discusses the problem and thinking of textbooks on the philosophy. People's Publishing House published in 1961, the first Chinese textbook signed by the editor-in-chief of Ai Siqi, stopped using of Soviet Marxist philosophy of history textbooks in class. The impact of is unprecedented, epoch-making authority. Although the latter textbooks were changed, they were revised by this mode.In recent years, many scholars of philosophy are interested in Marx's philosophy of innovation. This innovation comes from reflect system of textbook of Marxist philosophy. Past and current textbooks have problems such as rigid system, dogmatic, and did not pay attention to reasoning, and there is a lot of inaccurate understanding of Marxist philosophy.The first chapter of this thesis mainly dicusses the system and category of philosophy textbook.It includes dialectical materialism which is composed of the relation of material and consciousness,dialectics which is composed of motion law of material:law of unity of opposites,law of qualitative change and quantitative change and law of double negation and the epistemology which is composed of material and the concept about motion. It also includes historical materialism which is the extension and application of dialectics in social historical field.The second chapter analyzes how the textbook forms the system and category it gives us according some special logical stucture and starting point.The textbook defines philosophy as "the most essencial view about the whole world". concrete sciences only take some special field as its study object.But philosophy takes the whole world including nature world,human society and human thought as study object.So the essence of the world becomes the first discussed problem of textbook. The textbook takes "the world is physical"as its logical starting point,and this logical point destines the system of some kind of knowledge theory of philosophy of textbook.In this way philosophy becomes something definitive,a theory about universal rule of the whole world. However this logical starting point does not consider the basic philosophical issues"the relation of thinking and existing".As a rusult philosophy losts itself and becomes science from such a logical starting point. We also call this standpoint of knowledge " the Ideological Trend of Scientism from which The textbook inrerperates the concepts and system of Marxism. It has been 3000 years since philosophy came up and developed. different philosophers have differen understanding obout philosophy.They give philosophy different difinition. How to consider relation of science and philosophy ? that is to say,how to understand philosophy.The logic of textbook extences on the basic of category of material which derives the telation with consciousness and relation with objective dialectics as well as relation with subjective dialectics.It also derives the relation of material and social existence,social consciousness and the develepment of social history.They are all derived from material and finally come down to the category of material.So they are materialistic,nonphilosophical.They belong to some scientific knowledge.The last chapter talks about the defects of textbook as some kmowledge syetem. It also educes the foundmental philosophy issue"the relation of thinking and existing".Engles said that the whole philosophy especialy modern philosophy,the foundmental issus is the relation of thinking and existing.As a result we know that philosophy does not study "thinking" and "existing" but the relation of thinking and existing.It determines if we can think about philosophy itself through philosophical thought.Marxism is a kind of philosophy which aims at human liberation full of criticism and revolutionary spirit but not simple interpretation about philosophy principle.Professor Sun Zheng Yu calls Marxism a kind of philosophy about human liberation based on practical reflection with a soul of revolutionary and critical dialecticswhat the textbook is lack of is the principle of interperetation of practice.that is to say, we should observe the world through practice which is also the basic motile,perceptual human production activity.It also means we should observe the world through social history. Only in this way,we can obtain the practical basis of social history,including the revolutionary piont that the social history is inevitably changed by the motile human activity. So human liberation and communism of Marxism is established on the basis of realistic hietorical develepment and historical dialecyics and has realistic rationality as well as possibility.The textbook takes meterial for the core instead of the basic perceptual living human production activity.In fact it interprets the world as a objictive world and it explains the world through the object's intuitive principle of old materialism which Marx critisized. Besides the textbook interprets the history a objective process of social history,but the effect of human is not shown.Ultimately,the textbook does not reflect the principal and true essence of philosophy of Marxism from logical origin to system. The textbook's fault is inquiring the object of philosophy——the whole world,but not inquiring what the philosophy is or what Marxism is.The purpose of Marxism is definitely not to explain the world scientificaly but reform the world revolutionary.Critical nature is the basic spirit of Marxism.It is also the inner requirement of practice.The worldview which the textbook tells us is not the essencial idea of Marxism.Marxism is not some conclusion of knowledge.It is not the explication of one and another principle.Marxism does not tell us about the universal rule but some kind of essence of time spirit that will change human destiny.