Yunnan Bule And White Porcelain In Yuan And Ming Dynasty

The foreword describes the origin of the thesis,by field visiting to Jianshui sites, Yuxi sites,and White Longjing sites.The preface describes briefly of the characteristics and unique status of Yunnan Blue and White Porcelain,Recalls the the preliminary study done by Yunnan Cultural Relics and Archeology experts since the ancient kiln sites discovered in Yuxi,as well as the cremation tomb excavation situation of Dali Dafengle,West Lu monk tower,Lufeng Heijing,and Heqing Elephant sleeping Mountain in recent years.The body is divided into six parts.It makes a comprehensive overview of devices of the Blue and White Porcelain unearthed from the cremation tomb and the kiln sites in Yunnan,and the characteristics and firing age of the blue and white porcelain kiln are summed up.Through the investigation of various sites and the contrast between artifacts unearthed,we could have preliminary determination of the kiln firing blue's era and the kiln attribution of cremation artifacts excavated from the tomb.In the cremation graves,Blue and White Porcelain appears simultaneously with the annals materials as the following:West Lu monk tower cremation graves,Lufeng Heijing cremation tomb,the cremation tomb on east side of Dali Cangshan Zhonghe peak,Lufeng Heijing Shilong cremation tomb,Dali Dafengle tomb groups.Yuxi kiln is the only formal excavations of ancient sites so far in Yunnan.There are three kinds of its unearthed porcelains:the blue and white glaze,the green glaze and the purpe-gold glaze.These firing formation processes can be seen through the strata.There are lots of signs in shapes and patterns of Yuxi kiln can be content to reflect on its imitation of Jingdezhen kiln.The cremation artifacts of Yuxi kiln are much less than the artifacts from society collecting,especially the modeling of complex-type.One opinion lasted quite a long time on the era of Yuxi Kiln is the end of Yuan Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty.A blue and white porcelain bowl excavated from the tomb in Yuxi with typical characteristic of the Ming Dynasty showed that the kiln firing blue's era is the Ming Dynasty. Jianshui kiln is one of the kilns been found which were the first firing of the blue and white porcelain.The firing lasted a long time since the late Yuan Dynasty,And it also have large scale of productions.For the status of the political,economic,military and cultural center of the south Yunnan province,Jianshui kiln's porcelain is widely distributed in the Red River region.The Bailong kiln and the luochuan kiln are two Blue and White porcelain sites founded in Lufeng up to now.They are mainly the place of bowls and dishes production.Its manufacturing standards are much rough than the Yuxi kiln and the Jianshui kiln.The unearthed artifacts from the Dali kiln have the basically same shape and style with the Dafengle tomb.The era of the Dali kiln was inferred to the late Ming Dynasty.The funerary utensils which unearthed from the cremation tomb in Heqing Elephant Sleeping Mountain were production of the mid and late Ming Dynasty.The Lizhong kiln and the Shangpubei kiln are founded in Yimen district.There era are considered to be the Ming and Qing Dynasty.The Lizhong kiln is later than the Yuxi kiln and the Shangpubei kiln,and it have the unique ornament of the lotus pattern,the ancient coin pattern and the bird pattern.The archaeological research of the Blue and White Porcelain in Yunnan inextricably relates to the exploration of cremation tombs.The cremation tombs last in different period have complex terrain.It can not be determined that the unearthed Blue and White porcelain was burned during Yuan Dynasty.Since the Blue and White Artifactswas more sophisticated in Ming Dynasty,the Blue and White porcelain of Yunnan could be deduced to the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty.There were a wide gap between the technological level of porcelain production,and the south was much early and sophisticated,especially in Jianshui kiln.Scientific excavations were carried out rarely in Yunnan,many questions remains unsolved. Moreover,there may be much more kilns founded in Lufeng and Dali in the future.