Reviews Of Xi-Liang Who Is A High-ranking Court Official In The Late Qing Dynasty

Xi-Liang was one of the most important bureaucrats who had relied heavily on by the government of the Qing Dynasty in the late Qing Dynasty.He made a good performance in the political,economic,military,cultural and educational and diplomatic spheres during his tenure of 30 years,especially in the latter which had a positive impact on modern china.At the same time,he overwhelmed mercilessly the Uprising against Qing Dynasty which was revolted by Revolutionary Party,just like the Hekou uprising.This was a serious obstacle to the progress of history.But it was an indisputable fact that Xi-Liang had had a significant impact in the history of the Qing Dynasty.For a long time,academic research was limited to the subject about Xi-Liang. Existing research results are mostly based on actions when Xi-Liang held the governorship.Based on results from previous studies and Xi-Liang's Posthumous Manuscripts,and the extensive information collection from newspapers and magazine, memoirs,as well as other information materials,this paper will do a more systematic carding.This paper will not repeat the parts which have been more fully studied,and this paper will mainly expound the actions before and during Xi-Liang served as the governor which include continuing The Reformation of the late Qing Dynasty,suppressing the Hekou uprising,pushing for a ban on smoking,preventing and curing plague in order to show a more complete official history of Xi-Liang based on enriching the existing research.The text contains the preamble,theses and the main conclusions.First of all,the preamble makes a brief description of Xi-Liang' life history in order to be the clues to the following article,then expounds existing research status and related materials.At present,the research has made a lot of achievements, however the existing results focus on the period during Xi-Liang held the governorship is limited.Therefore study on it must be further deepened.The second part is the main body of paper.The part is divided into four chapters. ChapterⅠbriefly reviews the actions when Xi-Liang served as the low—level officials.SectionⅠdiscusses the bonds between the Shanxi and Xi-Liang more than 20 years.SectionⅡdiscusses Xi-Liang's representation that handled uprising revolted by the "Big Sword Society" and the "Juye anti-church case".SectionⅢdiscusses Xi-Liang's representation that trained the armed forces,raise funds and suppressed bandits.This article holds that Xi-Liang become a sophisticated mid—level official thanks to long—term low—level officials experience.ChapterⅡcentralized discusses Xi-Liang who was senior official.This chapter is divided into three sections.SectionⅠdiscusses the representation that counteracted The Eight—Power Allied Forces and relieved disaster.SectionⅡdiscusses Xi-Liang's representation that governed the Yellow River,reformed administration,continued the Reformation of the late Qing Dynasty.SectionⅢdiscusses Xi-Liang's representation when he firstly held a post of supervisor in Rehe Province.It includes reforming administration in order to strengthen ruling,setting up factories and mine,training the armed forces and so on.This article holds that Xi-Liang faced more complex situation and assumed more important responsibility during the period. Facing to imperialist powers' invasion,successive natural disasters,corrupted administrative situation and the Reformation of the late Qing Dynasty,Xi-Liang must stand on height of a province to response.And Xi-Liang's political achievements can allow us to convince.ChapterⅢis the emphasis of the main part of paper.This chapter is divided into three sections.SectionⅠdiscusses Xi-Liang's representation when he held a post of governor in Sichuang.This section discusses disaster relief and the concerns of the lower people's lives.SectionⅡdiscusses Xi-Liang's representation when he assumed the office of Yungui Zongdu.It include continuing the Reformation of the late Qing Dynasty and suppressing the Hekou uprising.SectionⅢdiscusses Xi-Liang's representation when he acted as the Viceroy of the Three Eastern Provinces.This section complements the existing research through three sides which including administrative reform,pushing for a ban on smoking,preventing and curing plague. This article holds that Xi-Liang then did not change his mind,and he made great achievements in the political,economic,military,cultural and educational spheres. Of course,we can also see his stubborn side of the reactionary from the process which Xi-Liang suppressed brutally the Hekou uprising.But it let us have a more comprehensive and objective awareness of Xi-Liang.ChapterⅣprovides a brief summary of the last years of life after Xi-Liang had in his resignation.Xi-Liang who spent the most of his life to look after the affairs of state left away from the political.But as the old fogies,he had been looking forward to the day Qing Dynasty came back.However history is merciless.He could only regret to die in the end.PartⅢis conclusions.The purpose of this paper is to achieve a comprehensive and objective knowledge and evaluation through the exposition that Xi-Liang's representation in each period as officials.At first,this part summarizes Xi-Liang's character,and points out that his character:honest,diligence,upright not only helped him to make a good performance,but also hindered and tied him.They also provide us a necessary reference to understand and evaluate Xi-Liang.Secondly,this part briefly discusses the Xi-Liang's thinking in a particular side.Due to the limited information and the author's limited ability,this part is unable to comment in detail one by one.Anyway,this article holds that Xi-Liang was one of the bureaucratic feudalism who worked hardly and cared for the masses.At the same time,he also was a Die—Hard who extremely hatred revolution.In the occasion of the demise of the Qing Dynasty,Xi-Liang was another paperhanging carpenter after Li Hongzhang.