The Observation And Reflection Of The Political Parties During Early Republic Of China

The first time of allowing the establishment of political parties is duringt the early periods of the Republic of China, so various political parties set up. However, at that time, people understanding to the concept of political parties was rather vague, the only group grasping true meanings of modern political parties were intellectuals, who expressed their own ideas on what is the political parties, how to establish political parties to promote the modernization of China's political party. Huang Yuansheng is one prominent representative. This article is intended to explore how he looked at political parties as well as his ideas. The thesis gives a systematic review and analysis on the value of intellectuals' independent thought.In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the paper includes four parts.The first part discusses Huang Yuansheng's life and background of the times. He was born in the scholarly family and well-read. The impact of the new thought made him rebel against the autocratic system in his boyhood. In youth he abandoned Officialdom and dedicated to lawyer and newspaper. He often writes articles for major newspapers and periodicals to expose secret information of political parties and to reveal the ambition of Yuan Shikai to be an emperor. At that time, he was known as "the press Wizards" but was assassinated for political reasons.From the second part to the fourth part, the author elaborates on ideas of intellectuals from three aspects. (1) Observing political party activities in the early Republic of China. Intellectuals represented by Huang Yuansheng was affected by the times, family and environment and drew the conclusion that all political parties in the early Republic of China were clique and Yuan Shikai served as the killer of political parties on the basis of comparing Chinese and Western political parties differences. (2) Reflection on the role of political parties in the early Republic of China. For the influence of political struggles to our country, Huang Yuansheng and some other intellectuals analyzed the role of political parties from internal and external aspects, showing dissatisfaction with political parties. (3) Thoughts on the principles and ways of parties. the political parties existed drawbacks and were different from Western democratic parties. Huang Yuan-sheng analyzed the connotation of a political party, put forward four conditions needed for a strong political parties, accelerated the process of the modernization of political parties.Part five is the conclusion. The author affirmed reports and comments written by Huang Yuansheng and other contemporaries and and emphatically pointed out that Huang Yuansheng was a typical and prominent intellectual.