The Research On HuaYi Idea And National Consciousness In The Qin & Han Dynasty

HuaYi idea is the result of distinguishing the crowd who are different from 'the vassal states' cultural and political tendencies. 'Culture',as a criteria to distinguish HuaYi,is different form the 'subjective cultural identity',which national division of the emphasis on.HuaYi concept and the concept of nationality are two different concepts and the national consciousness as an important component of the concept of nationality also exists differences from HuaYi idea. There is difference between HuaYi distinction and national boundaries at specific standards. The phenomenon of distinguishing the nation by blood exists in ancient China.The unification of the Qin&Han Dynasty brings a new pattern of HuaYi and 'HuaYi border' becomes reality to some extent. Minority have their own independent national consciousness at the first political contacts with the western Han Dynasty. During this period,the consciousness of equal countries appears in many aspects,such as Qin&Han Dynasty's prevention awareness of Hun,the limits of the role of the Great Wall, and peer-to-peer calls in instruments and so on. The national consciousness of Han Nationality has been greatly inspired by the weak position of Han Dynasty at contacts with Hun in the early years of Western Han, the stimulation from the great contrast between the historical ideal pattern of HuaYi and the reality of the nation relationship.Along with Han Dynasty being the core of tributary systems, the previous situation of calling minority as 'frontier tribes' has changed, 'frontier tribes'classifications emergeing with different names on different types of minority. Under the political factors, the minority living in Cyprus have 'Hua' and 'Yi' double identities. In tributary systems, the Han nationality's consciousness obviously has two sides when exchanging with other nations, that is, the sense of national superiority and the coexistence of ethnic awareness. The Minority did not eliminate the Nationality when migrating in the interior mainland.The ethnic conflict may be caused by any detriment to their interests which will inspire their national consciousness. In this case, the border honest and ruthless officials bear the duties of 'gradual educating the frontier tribes' .They narrow the differences and ease the ethnic conflicts in border areas by propagate the Central Plains' advanced culture to the areas. In tributary system, the Han-cultural factors penetrated and appeared in the Minority's consciousness.It shows on that the consciousness expression needs help of affinity with Han nationality or the common historical memory when they dealing with Han nationality.After He Di of Eastern Han Dynasty, the wars between Eastern Han Dynasty and the neighbor nation have no stop. In foreign wars, the use of Minority army increasingly becomes common phenomenon and the policy of 'controlling foreigners by foreigners' has been frequently used.The HuaYi idea in this period has a strong sense of the utilitarian because the government maintains the order of HuaYi by the balance of minority .In, the frequent national war the Han nationality consciousness in the late Eastern Han Dynasty rise again after the early years of Western Han Dynasty. Minority began to raise the national consciousness, showing especially at starting set up its own national government in the late Han Dynasty.With the interaction of the HuaYi idea and the national consciousness,the embryonic of the nation-state concept emerges in the early years of Western Han and the late years of eastern Han when the Han nationality rising national consciousness.The existence of HuaYi idea not only provides a theoretical basis for the integration of minority into the Chinese nation regarding Han nationality as the main body, but also provides possibility of Han nationality accepting the 'minority'who " have changed like Chinese". In Qin&Han Dynasty, The minority have not digest completly with Han nationality in integration after migrate in baceland.This state lasts for a long time until the minority take initiative to start nationality melting,that is establishment of national regime, learning Han culture activly . In this process, the HuaYi idea also affects the minority rulers. in the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Minority of north integrate into Han nationality also toward this line.