An Experimental Research On Cultivating The Self-imposed Delay Of Gratification Ability Of 3～6 Years Old Preschoolers

Self-imposed delay of gratification,being the kind of choice orientation to forego immediate gratification for the sake of more valuable delayed outcomes,and the ability of self-control shown during the waiting process. Self-imposed delay of gratification is not only a central component and important skill in preschooler's self-control, but also an important component of socialization and emotional regulation, and a positive personality variable in the life. Childhood is an important period of self-imposed delay of gratification ability's production and primary formation. The individual differences of four years old children can predict the cognitive and social ability, social adjustment ability and individual development in childhood, puberty and period of university. Therefore, it's very important to cultivate the self-imposed delay of gratification ability of preschoolers. Based on the comprehensively theoretical and objective studies, the purpose of present research is to cultivate the self-imposed delay of gratification of 3~6 years old preschoolers.First, we provide the theoretical construction of cultivating self-imposed delay of gratification ability of 3~6 preschoolers,confirm model demonstration, self-distraction strategy, cognition transformation strategy, task-speech strategy as the experimental factors. Second, study 1 uses field experimental method, in order to prove that activities designed from model demonstration, self-distraction strategy, cognition transformation strategy, task-speech strategy for different ages preschoolers have different characteristics, and confirm the quantity of four types of activities for three age preschoolers, and make the theoretical construction more reasonable. Third, study 2 uses field experimental method and cultivate the self-imposed delay of gratification ability of 3~6 years old preschoolers according to the theoretical construction to verity the validity and rationality of the construction.Based on the above studies'results analysis and discussions, the main conclusions are drawn as follow:1. The activities (designed from model demonstration, self-distraction strategy, cognition transformation strategy, task-speech strategy) for different ages preschoolers have different characteristics.2. The activities (designed from theoretical model of cultivating self-imposed delay of gratification ability of 3~6 preschoolers) can accelerate the development of preschoolers'self-imposed delay of gratification ability.3. It is suggested for teachers of preschooler to create all the favorable conditions based on the processes of self-imposed delay of gratification from model demonstration, self-distraction strategy, cognition transformation strategy, task-speech strategy perspectives to promote the development of preschoolers'self-imposed delay of gratification ability rapidly and roundly.