Study On The Disputed Use Of Boxer Indemnity Between China And Britain (1923-1931)

In all Boxer Indemnities,it is the British Boxer Indemnity that has disputed most fiercely and had lasted for the longest time.Looking over the entire disputed process of Boxer Indemnity,the parts involve the political circles of the two countries,the military circles,the educational world,the celebrities of industry and commerce associations and the ordinary populace.Then we may say that the disputed process has widespread participation.From the disputed content that is mainly on the road building and encouraging education;from the time that is the two peaks in 1924 and 1926.This study divides the entire disputed process into two periods from the time of June,1925.The first period was from December,1922 to June,1925.In this period,the two main bodies were the educational circles and the army who focused on the right of using Boxer Indemnity.The educational circles hoped to use the Boxer Indemnity to subsidize education,while the servicemen pretended to use the Boxer Indemnity for road building, as for misleading people,but actually to divert the indemnity for internal struggle.In order to unite,mobilize the populace,and strength the groups of fighting for warlord and the imperialism,the Kuomintang decided to put Boxer Indemnity all on the use of education at their First Congress on January,1924.During this period,the British folk who disputed Boxer Indemnity mainly included the educational circles,the church and the industry and commerce associations.The British educational circles hoped to use the indemnity to dispatch the Chinese foreign students;the industry and commerce world considered their own benefit that at first advocated setting up the textile industry school in China,but after 1925,they especially changed their suggestion on road building;the church also wanted to share benefit of the indemnity to do missionary work in China,however,which was opposed by the public figures from China and Britain,so its position was disillusioned.The British government took obviously different attitudes on the Boxer Indemnity at the end of 1924.At first,Britain was to imitate American to use Boxer Indemnity to encourage Chinese education when they saw their great achievement,so the position of using Boxer Indemnity for education was once superior in British Parliament.Afterward, as to competing with US in Chinese economic interest,particularly maintained British traditional sphere—favorable economic influence in Yangtze valley,the position of using Boxer Indemnity for road building and other industry constructions became remarkably superior in British Parliament.The second period was from June,1925 to April,1931.In 1926,during the time of Warrenton's Chinese visiting,it was the sovereignty ownership of British Boxer Indemnity that was the focal point argued by China and Britain.Then the two sides from road building and encouraging education began to state their own opinions to the delegation of British Boxer Indemnity separately with the temptation of moving and convincing them to prove the rationality of their respective position rather than argued directly.When Nanjing National Government was founded,it faced the aspect of having a hundred things to do,such as how to construct a new political power,which should be given the priority to develop between road building and encouraging education.Debates unceasingly for a while.After synthesis consideration,the Nanjing National Government formulated the policy of using Boxer Indemnity on road building and industry construction on the first way,then on education promotion.In the end,this dispute about the using right of British Boxer Indemnity settled down finally after serious arguments and struggles.The two sides of road building, encouraging education obtained the subsidization of British Boxer Indemnity successively.Therefore,the author thinks that the use of British Boxer Indemnity on road building and encouraging education is mutual benefit.The substance of the debate,the author thought that the decision to use Boxer was involved in political changes,the rise and fall of the forces.It was caused by the struggle and competition of the interest groups.