The Transformation Of Roman Senate In The Late Republic

This article clarifies the transformation of Roman Senate from 133B.C to 31 B.C in the late Republic.The Senate played special role In the early Roman Republic,It had made great contribution to development of the Republic.With the development of the situation inside and outside Rome,the Senate can't make timely adjustments to its policy for the support of the new force,ultimately leading to their gradual loss in the struggle.Before 133 BC,the senate was the center of power.In Rome,the senate dealt with important things and made contributions to the development.In 133 BC,Tiberius Gracchus was elected plebs.He tried to solve the land problem, but was strongly opposed to the senate,the reform failed.Although he also failed,Gaius Gracchus succeeded in limiting the Senate's power and enhancing the knight' status.Among the Consul,the army and the senate complex relationships,the history of Rome has entered a period of unprecedented turmoil.Jugurtha war caused the contradiction between the people and the senate,Gaius Marius reformed Roman system of conscription with the development of the situation,the army began the political involvement.In Rome,facing the outside of unrest,the army became a tool to conquer Rome,and they become a major force in civil strife.It had caused great harm to the country.During this period,the Senate became the Military strongman's tool.In the early time, the Senate was the key to Roman affairs.When Pompey rose,the Senate strongly limited his influence.When Caesar became strong,the Senate also restricted him with the help of Pompey.Caesar became the ultimate winner,the senate was the tool of dictators.In Rome,he carried out a series of reforms to consolidate power and undermined the foundation of the Roman Republic,to accelerate the demise of the Roman Republic.With the assassination of Caesar,the senate had once again become the center of Roman power.Octavian defeated Sextus Pompey in 36 B.C.Antonius failed in the Battle of Actium.Octavian's victory was the most completely in the long series of Roman civil wars.The Republic perished.