Study On "Kan Lai(看来)" And Its Related Forms

This paper mainly studies "Kan lai(看来)" and its related preposition framework "P+x+看来",and also make a comparative study on "X+看来" and "Kan Qilai(看起来)".Including the preface and epilogue,the paper falls into four chapters.In Chapter One,we inspect the grammaticalization of "Kan lai(看来)" and "P+ x+看来".Through this study,we find that even in Modern Chinese,being a postposition,"Kan lai(看来)" has not finished its process of grammaticalization.So we arrange its process and explain the agent and cognitive mechanism.In Chapter Two,we study "Kan lai(看来)" from three planes:syntax,semantics and pragmatics.We analyze its syntactic distribution,functions and formal mark,its semantic features and forms of expression,especially used as a parenthesis,and the influence of its distribution on pragmatics.We analyze its pragmatic functions as follows:expressing discourse information,topic marker and discourse coherence.In Chapter Three,we study "P+x+看来" from three planes.We determine the scope of P,the nature of x and the looming of "Kan lai(看来)".We analyze its hierarchical division,syntactic distribution and function and the rule of syntactic conversion.We also analyze its semantic feature and the semantic relation between x and "Kan lai(看来)" and the other sentence parts.Also,we analyze its pragmatic functions:topic marker,discourse coherence,precincts and class marker.In Chapter Four,we make a comparative study on "Kan lai(看来)" and "Kan Qilai(看来)" in the following aspects:syntactic function,distribution,collocation, the difference of their semantic features and textual functions.We compare x in "P+x +看来" and X in "X+看来",and the freedom of motion of "Kan lai(看来)"; compare the producing and the process of grammaticalization of "P+x+看" and "P +x+来看" and compare the difference of their semantic features and pragmatic functions and research the influence of "来" on its expressing.