Study Of Dao System In The Qing Dynasty

Dao derived from pavement system in Zhou Dynasty, Dao system began with the establishment of Shu County's Yan Dao in Zhaoxiang king' first year of Qin Dynasty(BC306), from then on, Dao became an important part of endemic administrative subdivision. The author thinks that Dao system experienced three stage:follow in early Qing dynasty, reform and adjustment after consolidating its political power, and alteration in the end of Qing Dynasty; its settings, functions and properties are not constant, but following, adjusting, and alterating in each stage according to the needs of Qing Imperial court and change of huge environment.As far as settings and functions of Dao in Qing Dynasty are concerned, this paper emphasizes collections and cardings of history literature and data, and combines with the results of previous studies to do further study about these two issues. When it comes to the nature of Dao system, as far as presidial Dao is concerned, this paper analyses the reasons that why this issue becomes difficult point in academia, on the basis of assimilating the results of precious studies adequately, introduces philology, management science and so on, to verify the nature of Dao system anew:believes the research of Dao' nature is different according to different periods, takes Qianlong eighteenth Year of Qing Dynasty as demarcation point, before Kangxi sixth year of Qing Dynasty, the nature of Dao followed Ming Dynasty, from Kangxi sixth year to Qianlong eighteenth Year of Qing Dynasty, it mainly adjusted, so its nature was not Administrative Division; In Qianlong eighteenth Year of Qing Dynasty, with confirm of the Dao official's rank, Dao transferred from honorary to virtual, but its obligations were not definite yet, and had certain distance to administrative division, so its nature was Quasi-administrative division.