Studies On Modern Chinese Passive Subordinate Clause

??This article using the concept of sentences and clauses in modern linguistics, divides the passive construction into passive main sentences and passive subordinate clauses and develops the notion of the passive subordinate clause, containing both "passive structure", used to the composition of sentence in the disposes of the traditional concept of Chinese grammar, and "passive small clause" , used to elements of sentence, which is a more comprehensive range of passive subordinate clauses. This artical takes a passive subordinate clause as subject and examines the actual distribution in discourse, further revealing the construction and the selection mechanisms of the passive construction.This article is divided into four chapters.Chapter I, " Results and Problems of the past studying ". This article is based on usage-based theory of functional grammar, suggesting that the stylistic influence the selection of linguistic form, and that the characteristics and frequency of the same grammatical structure in different stylistic are different. The problem of studying results of the past is that most of articals mainly focused on the passive main sentence. The inspection of subordinate clauses is not complete, which does not allow us to see the whole law of distribution and the situation of appearance or disappearance of the agent of passive construction . This article makes a clear distinction between passive subordinate clauses and passive main sentences clause. The paper takes the subordinate clauses as subject and reveals the law of distribution and the situation of appearance or disappearance of the agent of passive construction.Chapter II, " The Distribution of Passive Subordinate Clauses." This article examines the distribution of Modern Chinese passive subordinate clauses in conversation, fiction, news and academic register, the frequency of cases from high to low is: conversation> fiction >academic register>news. Statistics shows that the selection of passive subordinate clauses are subject to double factors which are stylistic features and functions of passive subordinate clauses. Passive main sentences and passive subordinate clauses are different in the syntactic level. Passive main sentences independently access to the main chapters, maintaining continuity of topic. Passive subordinate clauses are attached to the main sentence into the chapter and downgraded in the syntax as an element of main sentence, achieving continuity of story in long-distance. It also can be alienation from the main sentence, achieving conversion of the topic or be used to the rhetoric effect. These functions of passive subordinate clauses greatly affected the distribution in four kinds of discourses.Chapter III, " Features and Function of Different Types of Passive Subordinate Clauses in The Four Kinds of Discourses " .The main function of Passive relative clauses is to track, name, limit the scope and rhetorical effect; The main function of Passive object clauses is related to the subjectivity of style .The use of the passive object clauses is to highlight the variety of pragmatic factors, such as focus, topic, stressing and so on. The discourse function is to maintain the topic coherence; the main function of passive adverbial clauses in the chapter's is to achieve convergence of topic, maintain the coherence of the topic and nexus, and change the subject.Chapter IV, " Situation And Analysis Of Emergency Ratio Of Agent About Passive Subordinate Clauses " Through analysis of the statistics in discourse, we found that whether or not the agent of passive subordinate clauses appeared mainly dues to pragmatic factors, followed by the syntax, semantics, and rhythm elements. Passive subordinate clause also included the one with passive marker and the one which has no passive marker. It is consistent with the general laws of passive construction,suppressing the emergency of agent .