The Experimental Research Of Pupils, Time-based Prospective Memory

Time-based prospective memory is a kind of prospective memory. We can see it in our daily life everywhere. Currently, there are only a few researches are about to time-based prospective memory, but pupils are in the critical period of rapid development of cognitive, so the primary objective of this study is investigating the situation and trends of pupils, time-based prospective memory. In addition, previous studies of time-based prospective memory never investigated the reasons of age effect, so the second purpose of this study is investigating the reasons of age effect of pupils, time-based prospective memory. This study use laboratory investigating 300 pupils in grades 2-6, and obtained the following results.Results of the first research show that the scores of pupils, time-based prospective memory and time-monitoring efficacy have significantly grade differences. The time-based prospective memory of high-grade pupils is better than low-grade pupils,. There are significantly grade differences in the distributed of time-based prospective memory. The pupils who failure in retrospective component is concentrated in grades 2-3, and the prospective component Losers are concentrated in grades 3-4, and successful pupils of time-based prospective memory are concentrated in grades 5-6.Results of the second research show that the scores of duration estimation have significantly grade differences. Duration estimation of high-grade pupils is better than low-grade pupils,. Duration estimation has an important influence to time-based prospective memory and time-monitoring efficacy. High ability pupils of duration estimation are better than low ability pupils, on the scores of time-based prospective memory and time-monitoring efficacy. Duration estimation and time-based prospective memory and time-monitoring efficacy showed significantly positive correlations. Duration estimation has significantly positive prediction for time-based prospective memory and time-monitoring efficacy. Results of the third research show that the scores of working memory have significantly grade differences. Working memory span, inhibitory function, update function, coordination function of high-grade pupils is better than low-grade pupils,. Working memory is closely related with the time-based prospective memory. High ability pupils of working memory are better than low ability pupils, on the scores of time-based prospective memory. Working memory span, update function, coordination function and time-based prospective memory showed significantly positive correlations, but inhibitory function and time-based prospective memory showed significantly negative correlation. Working memory span, update function, coordination function have significantly positive prediction for time-based prospective memory, but inhibitory function have significantly negative prediction for time-based prospective memory. Working memory is closely related with the duration estimation. High ability pupils of working memory are better than low ability pupils, on the scores of duration estimation. Working memory span, update function, coordination function and duration estimation showed significantly positive correlations, but inhibitory function and duration estimation showed significantly negative correlation. Working memory span, update function, coordination function have significantly positive prediction for duration estimation, but inhibitory function have significantly positive negative for duration estimation.In short, results of this study show that the pupils, time-based prospective memory have significantly age effect, and duration estimation and working memory play vital role on the production of such age effect.