A Research On Coastal Defense Policy Between Jiaqing And Daoguang

Jiaqing and Daoguang (1796 --1850) year, the Qing dynasty, the rise and fall of the turning point. Since the Qing court in the territorial waters management policy, coastal defense strategy, the construction and organization of naval construction, there is all kinds of mistakes, leading to construction of coastal policy far behind the same period of European and American countries. Modern China has been almost without exception, all the disaster from the sea, but the cause of the backwardness of China's marine, coastal, sea power, weak sense of national crisis is the direct cause. Coastal policy not only a country's national security, but also a national self-protection, self-defense strategy. Coastal defense policies and the proper or not,For a country against foreign invasion, to defend the territorial and maritime sovereignty has important strategic significance, therefore, "coastal defense" has become rulers control integral part of the Coastal Policy. First Opium War, the Qing navy suffered a crushing defeat, the motherland Journey across the door open, resulting in colonial, semi-feudal society into the abyss. Given the lessons of the blood, the subject from Ka, Road coastal defense policies during the start, analysis and elaboration of the national coastal defense policies during this period, a weak awareness of the causes of coastal defense and coastal defense policies and the implementation process in the failures and shortcomings. This article described three parts:The first part described Jia, Dao coastal defense policies of the Origin period. Jia, Dao, discussed the policy of coastal defense during the traditional ideas of subject and poor awareness of the causes of sea power, at the same time, the Qing Dynasty "closed door" foreign policy and internal and external situation on Peggy Road.The second part of Kerry, during the Coastal Road, the policy content and features. Focus on coastal defense policies during the Ka Road, the main content and features with the times the three coastal defense strategy. First of all, is "forbidden" and the "defense" of combining coastal defense system, this paragraph from the Ka, Road during the attack destroy the pirates in order to explain the exhibition is the angle of Xinjiang was "forbidden" and the "defense" policy produced origin, as well as implementation of comprehensive, multi-level "Boycott" the policy process, how to prevent it from re-jia System and the implementation of the sea; the same time, did the Court for coastal defense policies in the "internal defense" to "anti-foreign" in the transition process,Ying Yi Qing how to strengthen the ban on defense, as well as in Amherst during the mission's visit to China reflected the East, the great differences between Western culture. Second, is the heavy coastal defense land light sea strategy, the section from the Ka, Road during the navy's establishment and was described in terms of organization and management problems in naval establishment, and the imperial navy's no emphasis on how, together with At that time the dispersion of the coastal unmanning to Navy ships offshore operations in the "mobility" lose the main functions of the naval coastal defense only to land in coastal defense and anti-smuggling Bu Dao, lead did not look like imperial navy is responsible for coastal policy secure regular army.Finally, is the basis of land-based coastal defense system to keep the coastal defense policy of defensive war, the Qing court in this paragraph will be two "to keep the war" strategy, that is anchored to the mainland's attempts to prevent the sea shore strategy and river run-off, purely to explore the mainland's coastal defense strategy, analysis of two strategies is not possible and feasible.The third part focuses on the limitations of three coastal defense strategy, and left us thinking, coastal defense strategy to identify three kinds of mistakes and shortcomings.