On The Relationship Between Wales And England Of Eleventh To Thirteenth Century

Eleventh-century Wales was divided into several small kingdoms. These small kingdoms always combated with each other, which made Wales in a period of division for a long-time. With the Norman Conquest in the 1066, the Normans came into Wales. In the earlier stage of the war, the Normans occupied the most part of lowland, but the natural mountainous terrain obstructed their further penetration, and the Welsh people had never stoped resistance. William I subinfeudated some Norman earls in the Anglo-Wales march, who would invade the Welsh land gradually. Although this act would consolidate the march, it also left the threat of the royal power. The Welsh marchers became more and more powerful, they played an important rule in the relation between the England and Wales, they even made great influence on the English politics. The English conquest on the Wales lasted over two centuries, it completed until Edward I. In this period, the relationship among the kings of England, the Welsh native rulers and the Marcher lords was the decisive factor on the development of the political history. Therefore, based on the original documents, works and essays, this article will place the angle of view on the Welsh aspect and make some induction and summation. The author should try hard to differentiate the context of the conquest and supply a gap of domestic research. It will help people to know roundly about the formation of the modern Britain.The exordium consists significance of the studies and it concludes the history of the research about the relationship between Wales and England. It also introduces the early history of the Wales. The text can be divided into three chapters. The first chapter discusses the policy of the early Norman kings, the foundation of Marcher lordships and the resistance of the Welsh people. The second chapter puts emphasis on the recovery and development of the Welsh native powers in the twelfth century. Besides Welsh native powers' stronger and the correct strategies, it also can't without the influence of the environment of the whole British Isles. The third chapter is about the foundation and collapse of the Welsh Principality and discusses the root cause of the collapse.