The Research Of Antonyms About "Guanzi"

"Guanzi"is an important pre-Qin texts, which has 150000 words, involving philosophical, legal, military, economic, educational, ethical, hydrology, geography and other disciplines of knowledge.The vocabulary in this book is very rich, represent the characteristics of the pre-Qin language .It's one of the important documents to study the pre-Qin Chinese language and study the antonyms in"Guanzi"will help us to promote further research into the history of Chinese vocabulary. In this paper, I drawing on results based on the previous studies and research methods. The text is divided into five parts:Chapter I:Introduction.Briefly introduced the author,the era and the ideological content of"Guanzi"from thinking, school note and linguistics. From the thought, mistakes, linguistics to describes the status of"Guanzi". And recalling the present status about the study of"Guanzi"in current academic community.Chapter II: The definition of antonym in"Guanzi".Determined the standards and methods of the antonyms in"Guanzi".There are four criteria to determine the antonyms: 1. Significance standard: the sememes are contrast or relative; 2. System standard: belong to the same scope of meaning; 3. Syntax standard: the part of speech or grammatical functions are same; 4. Pragmatic standard:often use in pair. The determination methods to study the antonyms: 1. The text is often cited cases appear.Such as Duiwen, Lianwen and Negation. 2. Sememes are contrast or relative. 3. Use the related comments in book.Based on the above criteria and methods , we determined 321 pairs of antonyms in"Guanzi". Chapter III: The category of antonyms in"Guanzi". According to syllables and part of speech to classified the antonyms.According to syllables,the antonyms are divided into: single syllable antonyms, disyllable antonyms, single syllable to disyllable antonyms. There are 288 pairs of single syllable antonyms , 24 pairs of the disyllable antonyms, 9 pairs of single syllable to disyllable antonyms.According to the part of speech, the antonyms are divided into: adjectives, verbs, nouns, pronouns, adverbs. There are 122 pairs of antonyms are adjectives, 110 pairs of antonyms are verbs, 80 pairs of antonyms are nouns, 6 pairs of antonyms are pronouns , 3 pairs of antonyms are adverbs.Chapter IV: Analyze the antonyms in"Guanzi".Based on the sememe to analyze the relationship between antonyms. In accordance with the bilateral single antonyms, bilateral multiple antonyms, multilateral single antonyms, multilateral relations antonyms to conduct a more in-depth Analysis.There are 64 groups of bilateral single antonyms,25 groups of bilateral multiple antonyms,92 groups of multilateral single antonyms, 41 groups of multilateral relations antonyms.Chapter V: Features of antonyms in"Guanzi". Summed up the features of antonyms in"Guanzi"that the syllable and quantity is imbalance. The antonyms in syllable have single syllable antonyms, disyllable antonyms,also have single syllable to disyllable antonyms. The antonyms in number have bilateral single antonyms, bilateral multiple antonyms, also have multilateral single antonyms, multilateral relations antonyms . The meaning of the corresponding is also complicated.