New Public Management And It"s Enlightenment To Administrative Reform In China

Since the end of 70's and the beginning of 80's in 20th century, to meet the challenge of globalization,infonnationization and knowledge economy,to recover from finacial plight,enhance international competitive power and government efficiency,western countries have undertaken a series of government reforms successively.The central direction of these government reforms is New Public Management(NPM) or Managerialism,whose features are introduction of the managerial theories, methods and skills of industrial and commercial management and the market-competition mechanism,emphasis on consumers' importance and high-quality service;whose aims are often described as pursuing Economy,EffIciency and Effectiveness. These reforms changed the traditional public administration model (Bureaucracy) that had dominated most period of 20th century to NPM or Managerialism model based on market. NPM originated from England,America,Vustralia and New Zealand and gradually spread to other western countries, later on to the whole world. Now NPM is the synonym of administrative reforms led by governments all over the world. Sometimes NPM is regarded as a single model, sometimes different-type models. Entrepreneurialgovernment is a single model,consisting of ten mainly principles. The representative different-type models refer to Market Model, Participation Model, Flexible Government Model and Deregulating Government Model.Under NPM, the function of government is not operating "the oar"but operating "'the rudder".As a brand-new administrative model,the devolopment of NPM is bound to contain the philosophy implication of center being verged and verge being centralized. NPMtakes economics and managerialism as its theoretical basis.The former basis includes Public Choice Theory, Principal Agent Theory and Transaction Cost Theory.Public Choice Theory mainly claims that economic man is the logical starting-point or premise of analyzing government behaviors.The later basis mainly means that the management theories and methods of private enterprises are widely adopted by public sectors.The critiques towards NPM involve its tendency ,the theoretical basis,the ideological inclination,general direction and all kinds of concrete reform measures.etc. NPM can enlighten people who undertake administrative reform in China.There are about five new concepts and six rectifications at the technical level that should be led into administrative reform in China.