On Leaders' Personality Influencing Authorities

With the social development, democracy and law are tending toward perfection. The quality of culture of the masses improved generally, and the democratic consciousness is more and more intensive. The masses don't submit to be oppressed. Therefore, the role of the personality of leaders in their activities becomes more and more important and should be discussed and studied in depth.Composition of leaders' authoritiesAuthorities of leaders are the premise and guarantee to fulfill their activities. Scientists haven't reached an agreement on the composition of the authorities of leaders. The first opinion holds that leaders' authorities are composed of legal authorities granted by organizations and the influencing authorities of individuals. The second opinion believes that there are two powers used when leaders perform their duties, that is, leaders' authorities and the dominion. The third opinion is that leaders' authorities are formed by two categories, one is the authority granted by organizations, includes legal authorities, coercive authorities and promotive authorities. The other category is the habit set up by oneself, including special skills and influencing authorities. The fourth opinion thinks leaders' authorities are composed of functionary authorities and unfunctionary authorities. The fifth opinion thinks leaders possess the legal authorities granted by organizations and also have influencing authorities at the same time. The sixth opinion considers leaders' authorities as coercive authorities, legal authorities, directive authorities, reward and punishment authorities, and so on. The analysis of leaders' authorities is discussed as follows:1. Legal authorities granted by organizations are the essential authorities. The reason for one becomes a leader is that he is appointed a position by the organization and has corresponding authorities. Some authorities, such as coercive authorities, legal authorities, directive authorities, reward and punishment authorities are products of decomposition of the legal authorities, and cannot be tied with the legal authorities. Leaders' authorities, authorities granted by organizations, and functionary authorities are essentially the legal authorities granted by organizations. These authorities should be called organization legal authorities in general.2. Influences may be compellent or uncompellent. It can be seen as a kind of authority, that is, the influencing authorities. It is inappropriate to think influences are not a kind of authority or just consider compellent influences as a kind of authority. 3. Speculating on the root of the influencing authorities, compellent influencing authorities are stemmed from legal authorities, and attached to legal authorities. Personal influencing authorities are originated from personality of leaders and independent of legal authorities.4. Dominion is stemmed from leader's skills in organizing and managing. It is an essential aspect of personal influencing authorities of leaders, but not all. It is not comprehensive and rigorous considering the dominion as another kind of authority besides the legal authorities.5. Natural influencing authorities, unfunctionary authorities, personal training authorities and personal influencing authorities basically express the same concept. They are all the influencing authorities that come from the personality of leaders, so they can be called personality influencing authorities in general. This concept reflects the origination and properties of the authority. This expression also corresponds and is consistent with the organization legal authorities.It is necessary for leaders to possess the organization legal authorities. Personality of leaders will influence masses, which is inevitable when they fulfill their duties. Therefore, the personality influencing authorities are indispensable to leaders. From the point of view of the source of authorities, there are no other authorities besides the legal authorities and personality influencing au...