The Establishment Of Medical Security System Adaptive To China's Market Economy Environment

As the gradual establishment of China's market economy system, the construction of the adaptive social security system is being practiced in a fastened pace. The medical security system, which has the widest security scope and most complicated mechanism to practice, is an important component in social security system and has been one of the state's basic social economy systems. Covering absolute majority of the population, in China, the medical security system is experiencing the vastest reform. Thus, the reforming and constructing of medical security system, being closely bound up with every citizen, has become the country's most concentrated policy and most focused topic in social life. The Report of 16th Party Congress has put forward that we should take the "Three Represent's" theory as guideline to build a Well-off Society in an All-Round Way, which sets orientation for China's medical security system construction in the 21st century. Aimed at systematically summarizing and rethinking the evolvements of China's medical security system during the 50 years after the foundation of new China, especially the changes taken place in reforming practice in about recent 20 years, this article makes evaluations to China's medical security system in historical perspective. By taking medical security system construction as a systematic program and the "Three Represent's" theory as guideline and striving to adapt the characteristics of our country's market economy, under current background of specific political economy and social culture, the article considers that existing problems and contradictions will be effectively resolved through the establishment of new systems, which provides theoretic references for building up a new type of fair and effective medical security system adaptive to socialism market economy.I. History and actualities of medical security systems in ChinaIn China, medical security system was firstly established early in the planed-economy stage. In 1980's,many reforming measures and explorations have emerged as a result of the reform and opening policy having been put into practice and the early transition from planed-economy to market economy. In short, the stage partition of planed-economy and market economy is the natural division for type ascertain of medical security system.During planed-economy stage, the main construction of medical security system in China was concentrated on establishing, regulating and complementing the public-expenditure medical system. This stage consisted of three parts, namely early stage after new China's foundation, regulating and reinforcing stage and the stage of setting criterions for public-expenditure medical programs and labor security system. In this stage, the medical security system featured that the government's preferential policy to labors with illnesses or injuries was considered as free lunch to everyone. Therefore, the government paid the most of the expenditures on medical security, while the individuals paid no money for their health.In China, the new medical security system construction for market economy was started in 1978.From 1994, after practicing the reform and opening policy, the state council began the tests of new type of medical security system in two cities, Zhenjiang and Jiujiang, and then extended to countrywide.II. As the development of social economy and the gradual deep reform in economic system, during the medical security system's transition from previous mode to market economic system, the former system exposed a great quantity of problems, which are urgently calling for reform. To build up and complement a medical security system with multiple levels has become the key point to smoothly continue further medical security system reform and reasonably arrange China's limited medical resources, as well as effectively maintain society's stableness and people's ultimate profits. It is required that all labors enjoy equal opportunities to obtain basic medical services to achieve health levels as high as...