The Nationalism In The Process Of China's Early Modernization

The author is puzzled by such a question frequently during studying in China's modernization problems, that is in China's modernization history, various kinds of strengthes, ideological trends and movements which were foughting and coodinating each other and interweaving with each other, thus moulding history, had been influencing China's modernization .Then, was there a main clue ,which ran through them, making us have a clear cognition to China's past 100-year dazzled modernization histories? With this question and under the guide of the tutors Professer Chen-qin and Qi-peifang, the author has creeped into the history's deep vestige again and observed the intellectual history, finding that in China's past 100- year modernization history, any historical figures were merely the symbols of history, and any ideological trends and movements were also merely the history's twinkling of an eye .However, there was an undercurrent running through them , moulding and influencing China's modernization deeply .This undercurrent was nationalism. To the nationalism problems, many researchers have explained its efficiency for the function of" rapier" vividly.But according to China's historical linguistic context, where did this kind of" rapier" function behave concretly? And how did it mould and influence China's modernization? Basing on the thought above , the author has chosen this proposition of" the nationalism in the process of China's early modernization ", attempting to use the perspective of the theory of modernization to observe modern China's nationalism problems, to understand the twisty road of China's modernization,which was described as " a narrow escape from death". This paper consists of six parts, among them the first part is the foreword , the sixth part is concluding words and the others are the body. In the foreword, the author has explained the reasons of the research. Modern China's nationalism emotion was the product of the stimulus of invasion of the western big powers ,at the same time, the invasion of western big powers had brought the factors of modernization to China objectively ,so, to Chinese people, the West played the double roles of enemy and teacher, which made the relation between Chinese nationalism and China's modernization become more complicated. The researches of this issue will help us to understand the road of China's past 100-year modernization and what kind of nationalism we needed today. To modern China's nationalism, the intellectual circle has achieved a lot, but rarely uses the perspective of the theory of modernization to study it ,so the author decided to use it as the analysis framework of this paper. This can be regarded as a innovation of this paper too,he thinks.In the second part, two key concepts : "nation" and" nationalism" will first be defined by the author .Then, such a view will be expressed: The modernization was the historical driving force of the origin of world's nationalism. Nationalism, as a kind of social historical phenomenon ,did not appear until modern times. The emergence, developement and evolvement of nationalism was set in the historical background of the world's modernization . In this historical process, nationalism had connected with nation-state and it was often pestered with the national problems together.We Can divide nationalism into two kinds roughly, according to its priority order and concrete historical driving force that produce , that is the nationalisms of western Europe type and the nationalisms of non-western Europe type. The former was the inherent results of industrialization and development of civil society, characteristic with endogenous quality , however ,the latter was caused by the expansion and invasion of the nation-states of western Europe.No matter what nationalism, it had a history of setting up the nation-state. Such division also embodies the fresh place of this paper. In the third part, the author has analysed the background and reasons that China's nationalism produced in modern times.China's na...