The Research Of The Modern Chinese Nation Issue

Under the impact from the west, modern China began its transformation both in system level and notion level with might difficulty. This historical process declared that the replacement of autocracy by democratic system is an irreversible trend, and the necessity of historical development. The aim of this article is to summarize the experiences and lessons of institutional governance in modern China by inspecting historical documents and comparative analysis with western countries; provide theoretical basis for construction of state system in contemporary China; and promote further study of state theory.The basic way of system imitation and construction in modern and contemporary China spread along with the values of democratization and modernization, the directionality of which accorded with the trend of world and China's social development, and meanwhile, was the royal road and inevitable choice for developing countries to chase and surpass developed countries. Being suffered many failures in the process, China began to reunderstand the world and itself, then the discrepancy of institutional culture with western countries was discovered, and ideological foundation was established. However, the obtaining of experience can't leave without the profound understanding of lessons. During the process of system imitation and construction, modern China was harassed by the eagerness to democracy and republic and the fear of negative effect of western political democracy. Meanwhile, the understanding toward the integrity of western political system was not profound enough; the state that was over optimistic only laid special emphasis on tangible system forms in institutional changes and tended to seek quick success and instant benefits. However, the most important and direct reason that led to system transformation and failure was that the political strongmen of authoritarianism who still held outdated notions were over obsessed in power, which made democratic republican system only an empty reputation.Thereby, several theoretical issues are needed to be clarified when we sum up experiences and lessons: 1, the western democratic system is imitable and transplantable. But what's need to be noticed is that cultivating a corresponding system spirit needs a very long time. 2, basically, western democratic system and China's national condition are not opposite but widely connected. Universal civilization guides China to its direction to proceed, while the specificity of China enriches the culture of the world's civilization, they compensate each other in the process of co-development. 3, the dialectical relationship between man and system is that, during the procedure of forming a system, the characters of individuals affect and constraint the ways of the system's formation; when the political system is established, it will affect and constraint the behaviors of individuals in return.