| The use of illegal drug is an important public health and social problem in China. By the time of December 2009, there had been more than 1.12 million drug users in our country, and 69.3% was young people under 35 years old. The ultimate outcome of drug abuse is drug dependence.The exact reason for drug dependence is not clear now. In recent years, researchers have paid more and more attention on the psychosocial factors of drug dependence and relapse. Child abuse is a kind of early life stress, which can result in the accentuation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. While the elevated glucocorticoid level can increase individual's sensitivity to dependence/addiction, child abuse may be a risk factor of drug dependence. Coping is closely linked with stress, and the intermediary role of coping style between stress and physical and mental health has been confirmed by many researches. It has been considered that negative coping styles are associated with varieties of psychological and behavioral problems, and may be also associated with drug dependence. Sensation seeking has been defined as a personality pattern characterized by the need to have a variety of new, complicated sensations and experiences as well as a predisposition to physical and social risk for the pure pleasure of feeling it. Higher sensation seeking has been associated with vulnerability to over-speed driving, alcohol abuse, drug use and high stimulation activities. There are limited reports about the relationship between sensation seeking and drug dependence in our country. Subject well-being refers to the global assessment of all aspects of a person's life, including affective and cognitive components. As a special group, the drug addicts'subject well-being is the key issue of this study. This research plans to explore the cause of drug dependence from the above four respects, in order to provide new ideas for the intervention and therapy of drug dependence and establish basis for the future research of relative blood index.Objectives1 To understand the distribution of drug dependents in Zhengzhou city. 2 To understand the influence of parenting pattern on drug dependence.3 To explore the relationships of child abuse, coping style, sensation seeking and drug dependence.4 To find out the subject well-being of drug dependentsSubjects and MethodsTotal of 184 drug dependents (110 males,74 females) and 200 normal controls (142 males,58 females) were involved in the research. They were assessed with Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-28 item Short Form (CTQ-SF), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS), General Well-Being Schedule (GWB) and Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) on the spot, and all the questionnaires are self-assessment. The data was entry by using the computer software program of EpiData3.0 and SPSS12.0. Classification variables were tested by chi-square (χ2) analysis. Numerical variables were compared by Independent-Samples T test and one-way ANOVA.Results1 There were 59.8% males and 40.2% females in the compulsory detoxification department in Zhengzhou city, and the ages of them were from 16 to 53 years old. The distribution of their education level was that 22.3% primary school and below, 50.2% junior high school, and 27.4% high school and above. There was significant difference on occupation before and after illegal drug use (P<0.05). Their marriage was poor in general,32.0% of them had divorced or separated with spouse.86.4% of them came from city and 13.6% came from countryside.2 The age of dependents first taking drug was from 11 to 53 years old (the average age 28.01±7.67). Most drug addicts (accounting for 81.1%)use heroin for first taking drug. Chasing dragon was the main method (87.0%) of first taking drug. The main reason of first taking drug was curiosity (76.1%). The main sources of drug for first taking drug were their relatives or friends (67.4%).3 There were significant differences in the scores of child abuse and general well-being between males and females respectively (P<0.05).The total score of child abuse in males (45.62±12.37) was higher than that of females (38.75±12.61), and the total score of general well-being in females (85.11±15.54) was higher than that of the males (76.89±19.02). There were significant differences in some subscale scores and total score of general well-being among different parenting styles (P<0.05), and the dependents who had neglect parenting style had lower scores in all the subscales.4 The distribution of marriage status and parenting styles between the dependent group and the normal group were different respectively(χ2=145.48, P<0.05;χ2=43.02, P<0.05). There were significant differences in the total score of child abuse and subscale scores of emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect between the two groups, and the scores of dependent group were all higher than that of the normal group (P<0.05). Significant difference also existed in negative coping styles between the two groups (P<0.05). The total score of sensation seeking in the dependent group didn't decrease with the increasing of age, and it was in a relative high level in lifetime. There were differences in sensation seeking in different age stages. The total score and every subscale score of general well-being in dependent group were higher than that in the normal group, the differences between them were significant (P<0.05).Conclusions1 Heroin is the main illegal drug epidemics in Zhengzhou city, low educational level and unemployed are the rick factors for drug dependence. Adolescents are the potential high risk groups of drug dependent.2 The marriage status of dependents is poor. Child abuse and neglect parenting style has infaust influence on drug dependence.3 Drug dependents inclined to use negative coping styles, and compared with normal people, their general well-being are poorer4 The disinhibition, thrill and adventure seeking is correlated with the initiation and dependence of illegal drug.
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