| Environmental protection is a everlasting topic, our ancestors from the era to eat birds and animals raw of civilized society stride the moment, begin to value our survival environment, realized the importance of the harmonious coexistence relationship, between humankind and the environment, but also adopted a series of measures to strengthen the Artificial protection of environment. In ancient times, because of the developed small-scale peasant economy, they are mainly concentrated in sustainable use of natural resources to the protection of the environment. Population remains a relatively low level before the Qing Dynasty. It appears not so obvious to demage the environment. The Qing Dynasty population first began an outbreak. The exhaustion of environmental resources can not satisfy the need of the rapid growth of population. So it is inevitable to cause damage to the environment in a certain extent. But now with the rapid development of industry, environment pollution is more serious. Even it appears more and more new source. Especially heavy damage to the environment has been seriously endangering human health, meanwhile all countries begin to pay more and more attention to environmental protection problems.Human beings exist in nature, and inevitably, they will establish contact with it. Therefore, the research of environmental protection about the ancient has times meaning. How to protect the environmental, what did the ancestor have do, and what protect objects, etc, is worth us studying. History has continuity. Today, the natural environment has no fundamental change, and the natural environment is also enmities. Although, it is mixed with some damage, generally is good. So, ancient ideas and legislation also provide some theoretical guidance and practical basis to our current legislation. The earliest environmental protection in China can be traced back to even Dayu. So, environmental protection has a deep ideological origins. Contemporary scholars also have some environmental protection articles and books about ideas, legislation contents of various dynasties, and environmental protection agency. they are worth to study. This article will study from the thought, legislation, as well as the influence of thought to discuss the ancient environmental protection., and will exclude the status about the existing articles research legislation only. Try to categorize according to objects to help readers better understand.This paper tries to discuss from consciousness first. It indicates the era foundation of environmental protection consciousness. At the same time, analyzes its cause is due to the primitive people so fear the environmental that the environment taboo produced. People fear the nature and then begin to obey nature. Then the most pristine and basic protection natural thoughts arised. For example, "Items on three sides" raised the idea of sustainable development. "Banned logging" raised the idea of reasonable request of biological resources thoughts. Through the laid of the early thought foundation of Hsia Dynasty, the legislative policy other Dynasty is gradually perfected. The perfection embodies in various policy laws and ban. Moreover, the ancient to resources protection object also had detailed regulations, mainly including water, land resources, urban environment, plants, biological resources and mineral resources, etc. This classification is significant to the present and future environmental legal system construction. Never thought and practice is isolated existence, just like environmental thought and method. Environmental thought provides a theoretical basis for the legislation, and then the thought is fixed and theorized through legislation. Almost dominant ideas of all the dynasties produce far-reaching influence on the former legislation, and the paper also discusses the above views in detail. First, it is the influence of the idea of sustainable development about pre-qin legislation. As the earliest legislation, "Fields legal" paved the way or the later legal system construction. After Qin, Confucian thoughts began to dominate the social. The ideological core was the "nature and humanity". According to the "nature and humanity", the death penalty was not executed in spring and summer. This system was continued until the end of the Qing Dynasty. To Sui and Tang Dynasties, by the introducation of Buddhism, the ideological theory of it prevailed the reign thought. "Not to kill" concept was is reckoned to environmental legislation and resource protection, and it is also along with some other ideas. Overall, the ancient environmental protection idea, such as sustainable development, the environment conservation of resources thoughts, as well as environmental renovation ideas, etc, affect the later Dynasty until Qing. Finally, the paper simply introduces some other problems of environmental protection, including environmental protection purposes, influencing factors and so on. Basically, the increase of population to damage the environment is a certain effect, but not plays the leading role. The improving of environmental protection consciousness level about human is the main decision criteria about the effect. At the same time, the perfect and establishment of environmental legislation as well as the environmental protection agency is both the important link, neither can be neglected.Overall, this paper will make the reader look at this problem a brand-new Angle by discussing ancient environmental protection and the reference of literatures and works. This paper cited plenty of historical data to research how our ancestors attach great importance to our survival environment, and the harmony of man and nature. The content of Chinese ancient in protecting environment is still a good reference to today's environmental protection...
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