Research On Price Of Grain Forms Of Mechanism And Regulation Anr Control Method

The grain is that the mankind depends on the most basic material goods for existence and development. It is the national economy and the people's livelihood of the relation and key strategic materials of the social stability. The price of grain is other foundations of different commodity prices. The price is the currency of the value of the goods to display and way of realization on function of law of value, which is the concentrated reflection of the supply-demand relationship of the goods. It is an important national economy parameter too, and the change of price of grain depends on mainly the supply-demand relationship and government of grain market are adjusted and controlled. So, under the overall market-based condition of present buying and selling of grain, how to take shape and perfect the price of grain, how could realize the government adjusts and controls and becomes the new subject demanding prompt solution in present economic development of our country effectively. â… ,The price of grain of our country has improved the situation and reason for over 50 years the change of price of grain of our country has gone through six stages on the whole: The first stage (1949-1953): Purchase and sell prices in freedom. The national goal is controlled. The country implements the free trade under the leadership of state commerce to the grain. The price of grain is taken shape by the market mainly. Because the grain has taking, the supply and demand contradiction is sharp . Many kinds of economic sectors coexist on the grain market. The grain price fluctuates violently . The country organizes the state-run grain commerce to implement the list price to purchase and sell, as the grain price of the market is higher than the 5% of list price and buy, sell when being lower than. Through this way attacks the behavior of speculating and stabilizes the grain price of the market in the level of the price of national goal basically. The second stage (1953-1978): The price of state monopoly for purchase and marketing, high planned management. Because of national extensive economic construction, the grain demand increases and the grain is in short supply. The country implemented the state monopoly for purchase and marketing of grain since December of 1953, monopolized. The price was made in unison by the country. State monopoly for purchasing and marketing under terms at that time, grasp grain source to country, stability grain price ,etc. respect play important function. But the price is made by the country, violate the economic law of the goods, and the grain price is on the low side for a long time. It has influenced peasants to plant the development of the grain enthusiasm and grain-production. The third stage (1978-1984): Plan pricing is a main fact, the market regulation, in order to complement. The country improves the state monopoly purchasing price for grain, expand the range that price increase for purchases in surplus of quota since 1979, pursue the family-contract responsibility system, expand grain market regulation dynamics progressively , allow to manage through many channels, introduce the market mechanism. Because the grain price is continuing going on under the prerequisite of state monopoly for purchase and marketing, the market regulation only plays a auxiliary role, the state fixed price can't reflect the staple food supply relation accurately . The fourth stage (1985-1996): The price of dual track system runs side by side, market mechanism function is expanded progressively . Concentrate the unified system of buying and selling of grain for the reform, strengthen market regulation dynamics, the country cancels the grain unified purchase system, switch over to ordering , narrow the state monopoly for marketing range at the same time , continue expanding the market regulation range, thus form and order the dual track system price that the price , interconnected system sale price and market purchasing price and market sales price coexisted. But the dual track system has defected , the variety of the same grain is two kinds of different prices, often causing the contradiction, causing the grain market to be confused to a certain extent , increasing the national financial burden. The fifth stage (1997-2004): The protective price forms prices and goes through transition to the market. Purchasing peasant's surplus grain withoutlimitation at protective prices. The purchasing price is made by every provincial government, forbid the unit and individual beyond the state-run enterprise engaged in grain purchase and marketing to go to the countryside to purchase directly. According to purchase protective price adding to every expenses come proper to make the selling price, allow the policy sold along the price. Because the protective price of purchasing grain is higher than the sales price of the market far, it causes and retail price being lower than the state purchasing price. It can't realize selling at favourable price. The stock is serious, increasing the national financial burden. The six stage (2004-). Marketization in an all-round way should be Impl emented and be wided used. Decontrolling purchasing grain market and price, the grain purchasing price is taken shape by the market supply and demand. Give full play to the guide effect of the price. But the great change takes place in the grain supply and demand, it can be determined to implement the lowest purchasing price in the grain main producing region to in short of the variety of graining by the country in case of necessity, implement the macro adjustments and controls on the basis of giving full play to the market and disposing the mechanism. â…¡,Grain price mechanism forms the problem faced under the market-based condition (1) Grain is regarded as the special goods, it is totally difficult to set up for a long time effective price mechanism For receiving the double regulation of natural law and economic law, facing having a lot of uncertain factors with the double risk of market naturally , and production cycle being long, the substitutability is bad. And grain price form, market feedback get grain commodity production and circulate the link , there is a time difference, in addition the information asymmetry of the enterprise and peasant, micro decision unavoidably has certain passivity and blindness. It may strengthen the range that the grain price of the market fluctuate , aggravate imbalance between supply and demand. In addition, the national conditions of our country have their particularity. It can't guarantee the overall balance of the total amount of the grain supply and demand by the market only. It is very difficult to set up for along time effective price steadiness mechanism. (2) Purchase the question that forced quotation may cause minimumly In accordance with relevant State regulations to the variety of shortage in the grain main producing region, if a certain period a certain variety grain take place imbalance between supply and demand, when appearing in short supply, the country purchases forced quotation minimumly through making this variety grain, by purchasing forced quotation to purchase minimumly, in order to protect and plant grain peasant's interests. If it does not carry on thinning and concrete adjustment , it may present the purchasing price and take plan pricing as the core , the selling price takes market price as the core, returning to the policy of the protective price and go to the question of the old road . (3) Grain market management and pricing system have not been perfected In the last few years at present, the management mainstay of plural grain enters the market and deals in the grain, but the government is relatively loose to its management. It is difficult to grasp management state its. It is unable to offer true, accurating message to government. In addition because of our country agricultural organization take degree to be low, manage extensive, the grain is serious in market segmentation. The information-based degree is not high. It is difficult to form the relevant market prices under region's guidance of radiation. â…¢,Government adjust and control the countermeasure measure of the grain price First , set up the early warning mechanism of the price of grain. With elementary to authorize for dispatch market price gather reponse system as foundation , with regionality and national-level to authorize for dispatch the market price message for the core, regarding futures market price as the guide, structuring the grain price prewarning of the market and predict the information mainstream and information carrier through the grain and oil system and intermediary of information center. It offer the reliable basis for the fact that the government implements macro adjustments and controls in time.