Apocalypse Which The Experience Of State-Owned Enterprises In Western Europe Gives The Reform Of Chinese State-Owned Enterprises

State-owned enterprises are an important part of national economy, and play a crucial role in remedying the vice of market system, solving 'market failure'and controlling national economy for the government. The paper analyzes the macro-management of state-owned enterprises by governments, the micro-action of state-owned enterprises, and the process, features and modes of state-owned enterprises reform. Comparing with the status of Chinese state-owned enterprises, we hope to learn successful experience about the state-owned enterprises development in Western Europe, provide a good reference for Chinese state-owned enterprises reform. The main content of the paper consists of four chapters. Chapter I The General Introduction of State-Owned Enterprises in Western Europe State-owned Enterprises in Western Europe came into being after Industry Revolution, and had a rapid development after World War II. During the development of state-owned enterprises in Western Europe, nationalization theories and changes of left-wing parties played an important part in the development of state-owned enterprises there. In the world economic crisis in 1930s, the countries realized the limitations of market economy and the significance of the management by government .All the states develop state-owned enterprises by which the function of state governing economy are performed. The states and enterprises of most countries agree that state-owned enterprises are the important instrument of state governing economy. The states should control financial sections, interfere in industry production and endow state-owned enterprises tasks and missions so as to carry forward the economic policies and development strategies. An enterprise should not have independent functions. Its function is to complete the missions of government. In the fields with long construction period, large investment, less economic benefit, social benefit and the fields of interrelated national economy and people `s livelihood, state-owned enterprises do perform important functions. In recent years, under the influence of economic globalization, the states of Western European countries realized that the essence of enterprises is to create profit. The function of the states is to recuperate market defects, to modify the outside market and pave the way to sound market economy development. States and enterprises should separate. State action is the enterprises` atmosphere. The government controls the macro-management and guidance to enterprises by constituting industry policies, maintaining market order, anti-monopoly, and anti-pollution to make them develop in line with development goals. Sufficient information, modern social service should be provided or as a benefit coordinator to help enterprises develop. Chapter II The Macro-Management of State-Owned Enterprises by Governments and Operational Mechanism in Western European Countries The enterprises range from post, communication, traffic, electricity, aviation, medicine, military industry, railway transportation, plane manufacture, steel to bank assurance, and mainly focus on post, radiobroadcast and railway transportation. Post and radiobroadcast are monopolized by states; and railway is controlled by states except in a few countries. Enterprises of Western European countries exist and are developing in the perfect and fairer market competitive atmosphere, thanks to the marketeconomic system in Western Europe with hundreds of years development and the market system matures and operate well. In order to make the strategies of the leader organs of state-owned enterprises reasonable and effective, strategies must have democratization and employees` supervision is embodied. Since 1980s, strategy and supervision system have been reformed and internal structure and balance mechanism which embody the feature of modern enterprise system has been established in many of West European countries. State-owned enterprises there mostly are self-governed and have the right to set up organization organs. Chapter III The State-Owned Enterprise Reform in Western Europe In Western Europe, State-owned enterprises played a very important role in the development of Western European economy. However, the worldwide economic crisis in 1970's made Western European countries in plight. The abuse of state-owned enterprises became increasingly evident, unable applied for the needs of economic development, which made the reform necessary on the agenda. The reform went through gradual course, from competitive field to monopoly industry and public enterprise department. The reform reduced the proportion of state-owned enterprises and buildup the control to national economy, in the meanwhile, improving the efficiency and competition and private ownership of the enterprises has achieved a certain effect. In a word, the way of the reform of the countries includes two: one is private ownership adopted by England, Spain and so on. The other is adopted by Italy and others, that is, share-holding system and open capital, pushing enterprises to markets. The reform of Western Europe of state-owned enterprises resulted in unemployment. Therefore, in some countries, carving-out training are put forward to make the unemployed of the state-owned enterprises obtain employment again.