A Brief Talk On Reform And Perfection Of Macro Adjustment And Control Policy Of Grain Of Our Country

Macro adjustments and controls of the grain is that the government uses the economic and legal means to grain-production and circulation to regulate and control from macroscopic mainly. It is a kind of form of expression of remedying the market defect . The government, through macro adjustments and controls of the grain, in order to the continuation that promotes grain-production and circulates, stabilizing and developing in harmony, the total amount of the grain supply and demand and structure between supply and demand are in a basic balance, the basic stability of the grain market, in order to guarantee national grain's security. Our country is deepenning the grain circulation system reform further at present, macro adjustments and controls of the grain is an important problem in the process of reform of circulation system of grain. It is a dynamic evolution too. With the economic development and deepening of the market-based reform of grain, it will also present more new situation and new problem. It needs further investigating and putting forward practical grain large adjustment and control policy and measure. â… ,Evolution of China's macro adjustments and controls of the grain mode experiences five developing stages since the establishment of China: The first stage (1949-1952 year): The government intervened the market regulation. The government's main task is to stabilize the price of grain in this period, guarantee to supply. The state-run enterprise had made the leading position in the grain circulation gradually. The second stage (1953-1978 year): Highly centralized state monopoly for purchase and marketing. China began to implement the first Five-Year Plan, taking industrialization as the centre. For receiving enough quantity from hands of peasant and grain lower in price, guaranteeing industrial population and need of industrial production, and accumulateing capital funds for industrialization, the central government determined to implement the state monopoly for purchasing and marketing to the grain. From grain market, the country monopolizes . The third stage (1979-1992 year): " Dual track system " of buying and selling of grain. In 1978, implemented the family-contract responsibility system in the countryside of our country, the grain circulation implemented" the dual track system ". During this period, the country set up the special storage system of grain, established State Grain Reserve Administration, responsible for managing the grain reserves of the national project. The fourth stage (1993-2003 year): Exploring the market operating mechanism under national macro adjustments and controls. At this stage, the country carried on a series of reforms to the policy of regulation and control of grain, and explored the operating mechanism under the market economy condition progressively . The fifth stage (2004-): Set up the grain circulation system of meeting the developing needs of socialist market economy. This stage deepens the grain circulation system reform further on the basis of reforming before. Issue " grain circulation management rule ". There are laws to abide by to supervise and inspect in making grain manage , macro adjustments and controls. â…¡,The analysis of the macro adjustments and controls of the grain mode is appraised (1) The leading factor that whole grain market price of the government issused price , analysed of the macro adjustments and controls of the grain mode. It caused price signal twist, but the distortion was in specific period, and market distortion caused to perfect different with too much intervention of government. It meets specific politics, choice of economy and social environment. (2) Ignoring the positive role of the market mechanism while government pays attention to the food supply goal. In food administration, because the government replaces the function of the market over a long time, it makes grain economical operation lack inherent automatic regulation mechanism, which can't fully give play to the role of market mechanism . (3) Iterance of government's grain policy has increased the degree of difficulty adjusted and controlled, which make the country pay the heavy cost too. â…¢,Adjust government's macro adjustment and control policy imperative (1) WTO challenges to the policy of regulation and control of grain.First, the non-tariff macro adjustments and controls of the grain means that our country used loses efficiency. Second, some grain macro adjustment and control policies face the change at present. Third , importing the end which monopolizes the state , makes the degree of difficulty that the government relies on the administration means to carry on macro adjustments and controls strengthen . Fourth, the competition pressures of state-run grain enterprises are strengthened . (2) Defect of the macro adjustment and control policy system of current grain. There are defects in grain pricing policy mainly, store policy and trade policy ,etc. â…£,Adjust the goal orientation of macro adjustments and controls of the grain to the suggestion (1) Improve the macro adjustment and controls policy of grain of our country. With the transition of the economic system of our country and setting-up of the market economic system, it is the goal orientation of national macro adjustments and controls of the grain to keep the grain annual balance between production and demand and stability of the grain market. (2) Perfect the subject of macro adjustments and controls of the grain. The government utilizes its function, and plays an important role as the subject of macro adjustments and controls of the grain. But because of characteristic and limitation of experience of national conditions, in adjusting and control function in giving play to for problem government, need perfecting further: First , government function should be separated from enterprise management , and government only bear the loss happenning because of government's behavior. Second , government function should be changed. (3) Strengthen the micro foundation of macro adjustments and controls of the grain. The peasant and enterprise's grain business activities, as the micro foundation of macro adjustments and controls of the grain, nearly cover grain-production and the whole course of circulating. Whether than low increasing slowly and managing scattered problem get the solution out of to peasant income level. First , letting peasants become the main body of the market conscientiously, under the circumstances that the market guides , launch the production and management, increase incomes. Second, standing up peasant organization , walking economic coalition road and raising its...