The Application Of Social Gender Theory To China's Public Policy

In the 1990s, with the Beijing Fourth World Women Conference held in China, the concept of "gender" entered into china and has a certain impact on the China's academic community and the society. Gender Theory reflects the unequal relationship between the sexes and its essence is a kind of power relationship. In China, despite the development of the legal protection of women's equality with men in the legal norms, and the concept of "gender equality" has been generally accepted by people. However, in the real life, gender bias still exist in most people's mind, and people seem equal as inequality, and turned a blind eye to or accustomed to the phenomenon of discrimination against women. Even many Government officials lack the gender analysis when they formulated the public policies. Public policy as an external expression of political system, its all connotations and the function lie in adjust the society interest relations promptly. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate gender theory into our public policy study.This paper based on the analysis of gender theory introduces the necessity of gender theory during the process of formulate and execute the public policy. Description of the gap between men and women in education policy, employment policy, politics and policy areas, and different effects especially the negative impacts were brought by the gap. Female interests are often taken more damage. Women have less opportunity to occupy resources, access to less benefit. Therefore, in order to achieve true equality between men and women, and the formulation of public policy should have a gender perspective, and they need to integrate gender awareness in the community as a whole through public policy formulation, implementation and evaluation of the entire process. Ultimately establish a sound mechanism, eliminating the phenomenon of gender inequality completely.The full text is divided into six parts:The first part is the "Introduction" section, introducing the origin of this study, survey research, and research perspective and methods. Start with China's women Current survival and development conditions, Found that the public policy formulation and implementation process of inequality between men and women still exists, and has seriously affected on social development. So determine the focus and direction of the research, and proposed research perspective and methods.The second part is"Application of the basic contents of gender theory in practice".Firstly, introducing the origin of gender theory and defining the concept of"Gender"and"Physiological gender", in order to further details on the basic contents of gender theory. Gender theory thinks gender roles and expectations of the action are often the extension of biological gender to the society, and gender concept is the product of society. Therefore, it can be changed. Gender theory seems gender relations as a kind of power relationship. Secondly, introducing gender theory applied in the western countries and United Nations. Gender equality was already included in Statistics of the United Nations human development index and the international community development planning and many public policies, becoming the basis for social development.The third part is "the significance of the gender theory applied to our public policy." In middle of the 1990s, "Social gender"this concept stepped into china coming along with Beijing 4th World Conference on Women which passed the "Beijing Declaration" and the "Action Program" that emphasized gender-consciousness should into the mainstream. This view has a certain impact in Chinese academic circles and the community, and this theory has become a focus in public policy theory research and practice fields in China.Social Gender Theory with the special perspective and the novel method is different from traditional academic knowledge and gives the academic circles a fresh and new feeling. The necessity of this theory's construction and development is gradually recognized by the people. In our country, which has two thousands years' history of feudalism and the male superiority conception, the development of the social gender theory becomes particularly urgent and necessary. The significances of this theory applied to China's public policy are as follows: Gender theory is applied in China public policy benefit to reflect the core values of public policy; to protect the women's rights; to develop China's human resources; to promote social justice and equity; to build a harmonious society.The fourth part is "the problem existing in China's public policy and analyzing the reasons". In the perspective of gender, analyzing the current gender problem existed in the contemporary society. The problem in our country is that China formulated a series of legislative and equality of the sex's policies for equality between men and women, providing a system of protection. However, when gender equality comes into the general policy guidelines from the specific policy, or specific units in the implementation of the general policy, the tendency will be weaken. At the same time, gender bias and discrimination showing a strengthening trend. When the policy in principle can not be effective at the operational level reflected on the time, the policy will be sidelined. This is a problem which enough attention should be paid in our policy system. If the problem can not be effectively solved, the policy on equality between men and women can not take root in the land of China. This paper will analyze mainly in the following issues: the lack of social gender awareness in the main public policy; the gender issues in education policy; the gender issues in participation in the policy; the less gender awareness in the public policy on the social poverty; the lack of social gender awareness in the public policy on the women's advancement. Finally the paper gives a detailed analysis of the cause of the gender issues' existing in the public policy. Part five is "countermeasures of gender theory are used in public policy."From the actual situation in China today, based on the theory of gender analysis tools, introducing how to improve gender theory better in the public policy. According to different situation, developing workable policies to improve the living conditions of women, promoting their ability to upgrade and development in order to realize the state's "vulnerable groups" care and attention to pushing forward China's comprehensively building a well-off society the development process. This part of the public administration, mainly from the social enhances gender awareness, the gender awareness in education, political participation, employment and other policies to propose countermeasures. Thus improving the current public policy and promoting of gender equity. Part six is the "Conclusions" section, in response to the former gender theory expounded on the need for the introduction of public policy and the future of gender theory in the prospects of development in China. We should construct Chinese characteristics and localization with gender theory, which used to guide our public policy research and practice. The combination of Gender Theory and public policy enriched "equality between men and women" the basic content, and help to promote "basic national policy of equality between men and women" in order to promote the comprehensive development of relations between men and women, and the fundamental improvements, realizing the real gender equality between men and women, harmony and common development.