The Research And Analysis Of Hobbes's Natural Right Theory

Since the renaissance,because of the rise and the development of the Western science, the impact of the divine right gradually narrowing . At the same time,the human status has been elevated to a very high position. Human rights has been independently explaind , at this time also emerged in a number of well-known philosopher. These philosophers insist on a concept of human rights which based on nature right theory. more importantly, some of their ideas being applied to the practice ,which promoting the modern bourgeois revolution. Thomas Hobbes is one of the main representative philosophers。This thesis attempts to combing its traditional theory origin and its development in contemporary, and then we can manifest the theory's important position in Hobbes's political philosophy system and the whole western natural right theory's evelopment.From the origin of the concept to create the world's discourse, human rights concept made a storm history.It is undeniable that the theoretical foundation of the Western universal human rights concept was based on the rational accumulationthe of the traditional civilization . In the ancient classical political theory, the concept of the right had not bacome a requirement.The modern sense of "nature right" - "natural rights", should be referring to natural justice or natural legitimate in the ancient classical political theories . Later in the Middle Ages in Europe, people living in the Times of dark divine and privileges of feudal oppression , When People had no rights. From the beginning of the enaissance, the seeds of capitalism needed shaking off the shackles of patriarchal, Acording to Natural Law the Modern School of Natural Law put forward the subjective aspirations of the "right" to seek the liberation of humanity And the realization of freedom. So in the first part of a brief paper ,we combing the development course trajectory natural rights . The second part which is major in this thesis, aims at making overall investigation Hobbes's natural right theory. Human nature hypothesis, natural state and natural law establish the solid theory foundation for Hobbes' natural right theory. The state of war in natural state is closely related to the egoism of human nature, and the two"evil"factors become the essential terms for the appearance of natural law. For Hobbes, the natural right contains two kinds of meanings, one of which is under natural state and the other is under sovereignty. The natural state where"people to people is like wolf to wolf"makes the natural right not be realistic. According to Hobbes's argumentation ,the strong passion of saving life waked people's once weak reason up at this moment when natural man reached social contract from damage natural person, abdicating most natural right to"the third party (sovereignty person )"to go out of the bloodiness nature state。And then the thesis analyse the political and morality's base of his nature rights.After probing into Hobbes's natural right theory in an all-round way, this thesis also elucidates further the influence of Hobbes's natural right theory on later age. After Hobbes, the natural right theory continues developing in modern times, Like Spinoza, Locke and Rousseau and so on .At the last time,the the thesis reveal the theory meaning and realistic meaning of Hobbes's natural right theory with a kind of appraisal as appropriate as possible.