Studies On Locke's Theory Of State Of Nature

Political philosophy is the goal of every philosophy, and the theory of Natural State is the starting point of political philosophy. The theory of Natural State of John Locke is very important in modern Political Philosophy. It can be said that we won't have Locke's Political Liberalism if there is no "Natural State" theory as a starting point. The "true freedom" of mankind can not be achieved if there is no the concept of "Natural state". The "National state " can not be established if the "Natural State" theory was not designed. The Statute Law can not be issued if there is no "Natural Law". The "Rights to survival" has no basis if there is no guarantee of property rights. It is precisely because it is so important of the theory of Natural State of John Locke that we will talk about the philosophical origin, theoretical content and theory influence of the theory of Natural State in this paper, using Marxist stand, viewpoint and method.As the logical assumption of "Classical contract" theory, "Natural State", using Empiricist Epistemology as its philosophical basis, brings mankind to the natural state which has ever appeared in history ,and uses the rational moral law as its provisions. Philosophy and politics are not isolated, and only if we understood politics in philosophy, can we comprehend "Natural State" truly and think out the theory of "national state". Locke inherited the theory of Natural State of Hobbes, but the Theory of Locke is has significant difference compared Hobbes'.As the final destination of human freedom, Natural State means people born with inalienable rights. The Natural Law of Natural State means a free and intelligent person have the right to pursuit his legitimate interests without infringing the rights of others.Property rights are the security of human survival, and human gets all those which properly belong to parts of his own life by his own hard work. And Locke established his "Labor Theory of Value" on this basis. We cannot explain politics by itself, so we should see it outside politics. The ethical requirement of the theory of Natural State is the legal norms of "National Status". And a good country has to be justified in moral before it is able to protect every person's Human Rights.As the development goals of Economy and the ruling foundation of Politics, Natural state requires the complement of each other between the micro-environment of Labor and Property and the macro environment of Political System. Robert Nozick, a contemporary political philosopher, was seriously affected by the theory of Natural State of Locke. Starting by "Natural state", Nozick writes that a country managing the least services is the best country that violates the least human interests of Labor and property and so on. The political justice of Marxis'——community of free individuals——is designed on the base of "Free labor" and "Possession of property", those two ways of human existence. And in this community, people realize the true freedom of the human.