On National Conference Representative's Election And Have In 1931

On November 10, 1924, Sun Yat-Sen proposed that position of the national conference in the going north manifesto, to seek to unify and the construction in China, and prompt realization of the national conference in the will again. In 1930 area south of Yellow River war period, Wang Jingwei, Yan Xishan, Feng Yuxiang and so on holded the Peking enlarged meeting, and through arranged the national conference, formulation basic big method, to initiate the local self-government, the party committee to stand regarding the government in instruct status of the inspector general, not to replace the Representative body by the party committee and so on seven basic requirements on July 28. Called the national conference to formulate the provisional constitution saying that rose from all directions for a while. On October 3, Chiang Kai-Shek in the Zhengzhou armed forces inferior electricity national Central Party Committee Executive committee, pleased to call the national conference, the formulation political tutelege time provisional constitution. In November, Chiang Kai-Shek and so on to the Kuomintang three Fourth Plenary Session proposed that convenes the national conference document, decided that held the national conference in May 5, 1931, take formulated the provisional constitution as the primary mission.On December 29, 1930, the Kuomintang Central Standing Committee transited "Election Law of National Conference representative" drafted by Wu Zhihui and so on, handed over announces by the National government in January 1, 1931, hereafter resolved a series of national conference to elect, organization's execution laws and regulations, handed over announces by the National government. Stipulated that the national Central Party Committee holds supervises committee member, National government committee member to attend the national conference, the national Central Party Committee was on the waiting list holds supervises committee member, the National government five courtyard subdivisions to meet the senior official, as well as the national conference presidium specially permits the personnel to the attending a meeting as a non-voting delegate national conference. The national conference representative who by the various provinces and cities professional organization, the Kuomintang party and Mongolian, Tibet, the overseas Chinese selects organizes, total amount 520 people, various provinces select 450 people, various cities select 22 people, Mongolia select 12 people, Tibet select 10 people, selects 26 people in the outside overseas Chinese. The professional organization including the peasant association, the trade union, the chamber of commerce and the industry association, the education meeting, the National university and the Ministry of Education puts on record the university, the liberal professions association and so on, besides Mongolian, Tibet, the overseas Chinese, uses the professional representation, various provinces and cities represent the quota of people regarding various associations the assignment, picks the equal distribution system. The elector is limited to by the regional each kind of association members, and made the stipulation to various professional organization membership, the electee besides has had its election association membership, must presently not yet change occupations or professions, and increased the service life, was engaged in the agriculture should above 10 years, was engaged in the industry, the trade, the education industry, as well as each kind of liberal professions must above 5 years. In fact has cancelled population and so on amount giant non-little farmer, microcheiria industry worker, small-scale merchant and commerce, sales clerk, temporary worker, common staff member, vagabonds, housewife voting rights. It can be said that this is a limitation which this national conference elects. Then, how does this election is carry on, how represents produces as well as Kuomintang through what kind of election way is to dominate to this national conference, will be the key point which this article elaborates. This is also the present academic circle discusses the few questions.The process which as well as to this election appraisal to 1931 the author in the reorganization, in the analysis part firsthand information's foundation, the national conference convenes the background which, national conference representative produces and so on carries on the whole to elaborate that mainly analyzes from three aspects elects representative the production, The first aspect, namely handles the election the institution and the government official, this time handles the election the institution to elect the total office and various provinces and cities for national conference representative elects the office, this institution is establishes by the National government, after the election had ended, is the cancellation, but also some special institution is a party committee, Kuomintang party's election mainly handles by it. Handles this election the government official always supervises and various provinces and cities poll watcher for the national conference on behalf of the election, these government officials all delegate by the National government, to obey the National government to direct. "Represents Electoral law according to National Conference" the concerned requirements, the national conference always supervises on behalf of the election has examines and approves each election association qualifications the authority. Obviously, the election always supervises the authority is very big, it may decide that any person may participate in the election, any person cannot, but elects always supervises and various provinces and cities poll watcher is also appoints by the National government, may also know from here us, the National government has the quite big controlling force to this election; The second aspect, elects representative the generating process, according to "National Conference which always formulates on behalf of Election Carries on Procedure" may know, the elected by the people representative's production needs to pass through various associations members to compile a register, the poll watcher and always supervises examines the election qualifications, to announce the elector register of names and the checking correction, By the elector through the direct election, the mix elects and records a name the company to record election method regular votes in an election and so on voting, afterward makes has the election situation report, always supervises again by the election checked that the election represented and the announcement result and informs the electee, the electee by written to express whether to be elected as, issues the electee to be elected as the certificate and the travel expense government expense and so on these procedures. Last part is to the election the appraisal, this national conference representative's election is opposite in the later part of the Qing dynasty end various provinces advisory bureau election has the very big progress with the Republic of China first year's congressional race. It is a time very good elected by the people experiment, has provided some precious experiences for afterward election. This is also one time take the professional representation spirit as the principle election, compares this with the beforehand election is also a pioneering work. But this election still has many problems, for instance the professional representation's actual utilization question, this election's biggest malpractice lies in the professional organization the quota of people to assign non-uniform, is too forced. Especially various cities (except Shanghai), quota of people insufficient five, like this in election time has utilized the mix electoral law, used such election method also to lose the occupation representation spirit. Also has minority groups' voting right question, only take the woman suffrage as the example, the sistership to strive for the voting right quite to have the troubles, however has obtained finally the nonvoting delegate authority. Moreover, most a spot which is paid attention by the people are Kuomintang with controls to this election domination, take Chiang Kai-Shek as leading Kuomintang, through sets up handles elects the government official who the institution and sends handles the election, to a great extent has operated this election.Through comprehensive survey above analysis, representatives elected by this national conference couldn't represent the general populace's will, In fact this national conference composed by these representatives serviced for the Chiang Kai-Shek group. This national conference was merely a tool of Chiang Kai-Shek the group to realize a Kuomintang party despotic political objective utilization ..