Hobbes's Absolute Monarchy And Its Theoretical Basis Of Human Nature

Hobbes had been referred to as the founder of modern political philosophy, at their core theory - basic theory of human nature - the natural law to create a new perspective of the concept of rights, but also a modern desire for a political opening up of new roads.This article attempts to Hobbesian theory of human nature to the absolute monarchy of the logic of the process of theoretical derivation, the theory of human nature revealed in his entire political doctrine of its fundamental role, in order to highlight the history of natural law in Hobbes's open status .This article is divided into introduction, body and conclusion is in three parts.Introduction This paper introduces the starting point of Hobbes, as well as Strauss and Wang and other scholars of the research topic and a brief introduction of this paper, the basic idea of this problem.Body parts, including the chapters content.Before the first chapter of Hobbes's political idealism and political realism of traditional to do a traditional introduction easy. Traditional political idealism mainly represented by Aristotle, this paper discusses the theories of Aristotle and its impact on the political system of human.Hobbs revealed from the traditional rational political questions; political realism is mainly based on tradition, represented by Machiavelli, mainly in the introduction to his "Sovereign of theory of political analysis, and its departure from the traditions of the concept of moral discourse. Hobbes in order to derive the basic necessity of moral certainty. Hobbes at the end of this chapter summarizes the two traditions on their own after the departure from the new mission, that is, a judge re-establish all standards of right and wrong, and build a new political science.Into the body of the second chapter of the Hobbesian theory of human nature, a total of four steps.The first step, first of all, Hobbes turned to the reasons for the passion of the people made a simple analysis, mainly because of his history from a philosophical shift to the process, through observation of the reality of people have questioned the rational.Is also out of the extreme naturalism of the object to reality, Hobbes proposed a new "purpose" and to establish the beginning and the origin of the status of important. Therefore, Hobbes turned the passion of the people;The second step, in clear Hobbes "General decomposition" idea after the study, this article attempts to begin to follow the path of the theory of human nature, so starting from the experience of human nature into the Hobbesian theory of justice in detail two analysis, these two axioms are the "natural desire for justice" and "rational justice. "For the first truth, Hobbes, Aristotle criticized based on the experience of "people are social animals by nature," the argument that people are born with your own vanity, and then argues that the desire of the animal instincts are different from the endless desire. For the second axiom, Hobbes same be inferred from the experience, first of all, the existence of that fear of the depths of human passion, and through a step-by-step demonstration proves this fear is a fear of death, more specifically, of violence caused by the fear of death.Hobbes Finally this to establish two natural justice in its political theory of a pair of diametrically opposed;Three-step, it is necessary to solve all the criteria of right and wrong questions, Hobbes, respectively, own vanity and violence of the fear of death are analyzed and discussed, can finally focus on the standard cognitive self-awareness to determine the violent deaths are to determine the standard of right and wrong of all, it can arouse people's self-awareness, people quickly from the fantasy world map of Health, by virtue of the structured life, to judge good and evil;The fourth step, Hobbes passionate opposition from both, especially the fear of violent death in each other as human beings derived from the natural state of war, and argues the necessity of its existence to address the reality of people the possibility of their questioned.In turn, derived from the natural state of the concept of natural rights, the overthrow of the traditional natural law theory in the natural law as the foundation, established a new right to the concept of natural law.Chapterâ…¢is to enter the political theory of Hobbes discussion. This chapter is divided into three parts.First discuss the first part of the passion from the people to the process of sovereign states: dead people due to fear of violence from the mutual intent of the natural state of war set up a sovereign country.Since in the natural state of natural law in the "silent", it is unable to extricate itself from the tragic war, but also out of fear of violent deaths of people need to seek security and peace, it is necessary to allow the practice of natural law, which required a powerful force to be protected, and ultimately the way through the formation of an alliance of sovereign states.At the second part of the formation of a sovereign country after country begin to discuss the superiority of the form of questions.In this part of the first statement of the country from the perspective of people to discuss the form of three countries, and around the new moral foundation Hobbes discusses the country people think the best form of democracy to the idea of change in the monarchy, and then from the Hobbs referred to the text property, freedom, and so the effect of procedure, respectively, demonstrated that the monarchy is the most superior form of country;The third part is to discuss Hobbes advocated absolute monarchy in the two elements, namely, the monarchy's absolute authority and the freedom of subjects. For the monarch's absolute authority, Hobbes are enjoyed from the sovereign perspective of the absolute power of argument, did not distinguish between civilian politics, the political aristocracy or monarchy.Freedom for some subjects, first of all on Hobbes about "freedom" understanding of the concept, he thinks that is freely restrictions vis-a-vis the freedom of the outside world, which gives rise to "the subjects of Freedom" is the subject of national law vis-a-vis the freedom of in order to see the subjects of freedom and the consistency between the subject. And freely from the subjects of the external and internal aspects of both freely demonstrated separately, subjects under the protection of the law and subjects have the freedom to obey the law is subject to its inner moral conscience and religious beliefs in order to come to the conclusion that the subjects of Freedom with the monarch's absolute authority are mutually reinforcing relationship.Hobbes on sovereignty enjoyed by the power of the analysis of all summed up its characteristics, namely, the indivisibility, non-transferable and non-restrictive. Characteristics of these three is enough to prove that Hobbes described the power of the sovereign is not subject to any restrictions on an absolute authority.This, Hobbes from basic human nature to the logic of absolute monarchy is derived basically completed.Conclusion of the produce from the country and the purpose of Hobbes demonstrated both the relative with the traditional theory of human nature and political significance of the ground-breaking. Hobbes and by the theory of absolute monarchy reflection, expressed in this article on the absolute sovereignty of the totalitarianism inherent dangerous concerns.