1905 To 1916-the Political Transition Research In Late Qing And Early Min

In late Qing and early Min the political transformation is one of a significant event in the 20th century in China. In the legitimacy crisis, economic development and economic crisis, the rise of civil society, the cultural collision of Chinese and Western and The impact of external forces and the choice of political elite stimulating, China opened the gate from the traditional autocracy to modern democracy transition. In this process, China's first by the monarchy to constitutional monarchy transformation, but failed; Then by the constitutional monarchy to democracy republican transformation, also failed to from despotism to democracy, finally the failure of political transformation. This article selects the 1905 to 1916 China's first political transformation, to a comprehensive discussion of the late Qing and early Min political transition how to start, how to develop, how to failure, and can get what lessons. This paper points four parts to discuss:The first part introduces the late Qing and early Min the political transformation expatiates the origin and meaning, research status, research methods and ideas, and expounds the basic concept of the political transformation, despotism, the constitutional monarchy, democratic republican.The second part analyzes the transformation of the late Qing and early Min political historical background, including the legitimacy crisis, economic development and economic crisis, the rise of civil society, the cultural collision of Chinese and Western and The impact of external forces. In this part, this paper form two aspects of inside and outside discussed comprehensively political transformation was how to start.The third part analyzes the transformation of the political process. This component two phases in late Qing and early Min. The first stage is the monarchy to the transformation of the constitutional monarchy. After Russo-Japanese War, forced by various aspects of pressure, the ching court decision to sent secretary inspection abroad, and on the constitutional instituted constitutional "ready", which opened China from traditional to modern despotism regime transformation of constitutional monarchy door. The revolution of XIN-HAI happened, causing constitutionalists orientation revolution, autocratic monarchy in China to the constitutional monarchy transformation interruption. The second phase was a constitutional monarchy transformed to democratic republic. Because of various aspects of effort, nanjing interim government established and began smoothly to the constitutional monarchy the transformation of a democratic republic. But because idea and behavior of forces such beiyang pie, the KMT, republican is different, in the temple of heaven draft constitution reached no agreement, formulated by way of yuan shikai to dissolve parliament that democracy republican nominal. Then yuan shikai whip out "YuanShi quickly start, " democracy republican began the return to the monarchy. Yuan shikai monarchy movement will monarchy forward, finally in the mansion completely wrecked after democratic republic. China's first political transformation eventually fail. In this part, this paper discusses how political transformation of the changes and development.The fourth part summarizes the late Qing and early Min political transition failed the lesson, including the need for democratic political transition-oriented authority support; political transition through the crowded market needs to develop, lay the foundation for democracy; political transformation necessary to develop democratic political culture; political transformation of the political system need to select the appropriate...