The Eisenhower Administration's Military Aid Policy To Pakaistan (1953-1961)

During the Cold War, from The Cold War against the Soviet Government standing out, the Eisenhower Administration took its military aid towards Pakistan as a political tool in order to draw Pakistan into their global security strategy system. And Pakistan was willing to accept the U.S. military aid and became its Client country. Because Pakistan was to against India, then solve its 'security dilemma'. Therefore, the Eisenhower Administration allied with Pakistan, and maintained the closest contacts with each other in the period of the Eisenhower Administration. Among these contacts, the relationship of the military assistance is the key. In the domestic academic field, there are few articles or researches on military assistance relationship between America and Pakistan. This thesis attempts to make a comprehensive and deep analysis on military assistance relationship between America and Pakistan in terms of its form, development, characteristics and influences from the international angle with making full use of original material of American administration. It aims to make a side aspect of discussion on diplomatic relationship between America and Pakistan in order to reveal the essence of U.S. assistance towards the Third World during The Cold War.The first Part mainly gives a brief account of research status at home and abroad and the definitions and types of "assistance" and "military assistance". And it briefly comments on the relationship between "U.S. assistance" and its diplomatic policies. Thus, we can know that U.S. foreign military assistance is a mean or tool of U.S. foreign policy. From the second part to the fifth part, they mainly make a deep analysis about the reasons, the process, the characteristics and the influences. On the occasion of its taking office, in order to change the negative attitude—'containment doctrine' of the previous government, the Eisenhower Administration developed its own national security policy, put forward the 'massive retaliation strategy' theory, and improved the Union policies to strengthen the "collective security", which laid a political and theoretical foundation for its military aid policy towards Pakistan. In order to curb the expansion of The Soviet Union in the Middle East, the Eisenhower Administration inherited the previous government's strategy in the Middle East, claiming that only the "collective security" could the US-led Western countries maintain their interests and security in the Middle East. However, the Middle East countries such as Egypt and Big Countries in South Asia such as India, they were unwilling to join the collective security system formed by the United States. So the Eisenhower Administration had no choice but to set its sights on Pakistan, Iran and other countries. Therefore, the Eisenhower Administration signed a military alliance with the Pakistani Government, and promised to provide military aids. Since the purpose of U.S. military aid towards Pakistan is for its Geo-political strategy, drawing Pakistan into its Cold War global system against the Soviet Union lacked the integrity and the systematic of strategic considerations towards Pakistan. Therefore, failure to develop a complete military aid policy towards Pakistan resulted in the tortuous process of U.S. military aid towards Pakistan, and the characteristics of the assistance policies towards Pakistan—temporariness, limitation and controversy. Anyhow, the Eisenhower Administration military aid towards Pakistan had political, economic, military and diplomatic impacts on Pakistan, which in turn brought its own impact. Finally, this paper concluded that the Eisenhower Administration military aid towards Pakistan is to fight against the Soviet Union. So the Cold War against the Soviet Union is one of the main factors of the Eisenhower Administration military aid towards Pakistan.This paper, through the detailed and systematic analysis of the Eisenhower Administration military aid towards Pakistan, clarifies that the Eisenhower Administration adjusted its military aid towards Pakistan in accordance with the development of the Cold War under the guidance of fighting against the Soviet Union. Thus, it makes clear the development of the US-Pakistan military aid and their diplomatic relations in the Cold War. The paper provides a certain historical reference to understand the essence of the U.S. foreign aid, military aid in particular.