| In 1960, Nigeria obtained independence. With the continuous oil was discovered in the late 60s, at home and abroad reported to the great expectations for it growing to be great power in Africa. However, less than seven years after independence, the entire country plunged into coups and civil war. Since then, Nigeria would be involved into the coups and military rule whirlpool. Therefore, the study of the causes of civil war in Nigeria becomes useful in understanding the development roads of the Nigeria country, as well as the political development of African countries in seventies and eighties. This paper attempts to seize Nigeria's political and economic development among British colonial period and the early days of independence as the research object, and gradually in-depth study of British colonial rule, and the negative impact of the political development on the post-independence Nigeria, the role it played in the outbreak of Nigerian civil war. When Nigeria obtained independence in 1960, the domestic nationalists shift attention from the independent leadership to the national power positions with the base of each constituency, inciting nationalist sentiment in the local struggle for power. With the further exacerbated conflicts between the two sides, as well as political leaders'policy failures, leading to the outbreak of civil war in Nigeria.In this paper, it intend to seize national conflicts among all the Nigerian nations as the main line to analyze its different historical stages of development in Nigeria, and examine how it culminated in the outbreak of civil war, as well as the civil war in post-war ethnic relations in Nigeria have played what a kind of impact. Then to clarify the problems and drawbacks in Nigeria's national development, and have a deep understanding the difficulties of the political development of African countries that existed, and trying to look for the solution for the contemporary development of African countries, as well as some useful suggestions.
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