Sociology Of Scientific Knowledge In "Historical Turn"

In the development of sociology of scientific knowledge, T.Kuhn has always been considered as a pioneer in thought to Sociologists of scientific knowledge. However, Kuhn does not agree sociology of scientific knowledge on his mind, and criticize sociology of scientific knowledge in many ways. In this paper , I will take the disagreements and arguments between Kuhn and Social Constructivists as the breakthrough point, to restore the train of thought from Kuhn to the sociology of scientific knowledge. In this train of thought contain the two interlaced clues: The fristly, the research angle changes from"historical turn "to" sociological turn "; The Secondly, expanding from the "shared values" to "social interests", this article is the unfolding and deepening of these two clues.This paper is divided into introduction and text. The introduction describes the significance of studing the relation between Kuhn and SSK and the current situtation of project at home and abroad, assert that thers is great success in this study both at home and abroad, but "The real philosophical challenge" of "Historical turn" remains to be excavated and interpreted by us in the future.This text is divided into three chapter. The first part, this paper introduces the main ideas of sociology of scientific knowledge, and the claims of the relativism of sociology of scientific knowledge will be classified and summarized . Finally, this paper discusses the thought root of the sociology of scientific knowledge.The second section discusses mainly the relationships between Kuhn's scientific historicism and SSK. Sociology of Scientific knowledge had been affected by paradigm "incommensurability" thesis and " Underdetermination " thesis. In the influence of Kuhn's "incommensurability" thesis, sociology of scientific knowledge put forward the epistemological relativism. Based on the epistemological relativism ,they turn the angle form the macro historicl level to the microscopic social level, thus claimed that he opens the "sociological turn" in philosophy of science. Correspondingly, they also extend the methodological relativism from the holism and the underdetermination thesis. In the methodologicl relativism, they extend " shared values " out the"social power"and the"social negotiation". Sociology of Scientific knowledge and Kuhn both holding anti-realism, they achieve this idea in different way , but undeniably, they also insist on ontological relativism. In the third part ,we will reconstruct the main ideas of Kuhn, and based on this, go to examine the interpretation of sociology of scientific knowledge on Kuhn's thought. In the reconstruction of "historical turn", we find "Historical Turn" to take "Time" into the understanding scientific, we can see a historical dynamic picture about science. Kuhn take a analogy between the scientific development and biological evolution ,and he claims that the paradigm " incommensurability " does not mean denying the scientific progress. He put the thought of evolution and ecology into the understanding of scientific, so that we see clearly what role the social factors play in the development of science. In Kuhn's holism, we found that this thought has not lead to methodological relativism inevitably. The development of sociology of scientific knowledge largely based on the excessive interpretation of Kuhn, it embodied in their deconstruction and misuse of"incommensurability"thesis and"Underdetermination"thesis, etc. Sociology of scientific knowledge extend the"shared values"out the"social interests", it make scientific community have been divided into many small groups in which there have countless disruptions for social interests.The scientific consensus is only a product of power struggle and beneficial compromise. This conclusion fundamentally run counter to Kuhn's thought. sociology of Scientific knowledge based on the deconstruction and misuse of Kuhn's thought and closely related "incommensurability" thesis and "Underdetermination" thesis. Through the reduction and interpretation of two thesises, we can see that sociology of scientific knowledge will inevitably crumb!...