The Impact Of Scientists' Social Capital In Their Position Of Scientific Community

Since the scientific sociology take as one subject of sociology in the medium of 20th century, its primer research issue is internal structure and operational mechanism of the scientific community. Merton School, the mainstream of scientific sociology, takes the view that the internal structure and operational mechanism of the scientific community is following the principle of universalism. But school of constructivism doubts it. They believe that society or culture and other factors also run a great impact on the internal structure of the scientific community. Then, what are the factors which have great impact in the internal structure and operational mechanism of the scientific community?This paper is based on the background of the dispute between the scientific community Universalism and particularism. To be started from the principle of particularism, closely focused on the structure of social stratification, defined the meaning of scientists'social capital.by absorpting the existing of the domestic and foreign academics on social capital theory, innovatively taken social capital theory as a tool, based on the fact on the scientific history, this paper have researched"the impact of scientists'social capital on their position in the scientific stratified system"thoroughly. It gives a systematic study of the impact factors, and mainly analyzes the different impacts of the social capital of scientists at different times on their position in the scientific community. And then the paper promotes some specific recommendations on the science and technology policy-making in China.In this paper, studies suggest that the factors which have an impact on the scientist'position in the scientific community, are not entirely follow the principle of universalism. Other factors as social capital and scientists'genius also have an impact on their position in the scientific community. Although the main impact is the results of scientists'research, we should not deny the social capital factor also have the impact on their position in the scientific community. In conclude, to develop the science and technology policy in the future, we should pay attention to the impact of social capital factor in order to develop a more rational science and technology policy.