Sociocultural Transfer And Its Impact On Communication

This dissertation studies sociocultural transfer and its impact on communication. Two types of sociocultural transfer are distinguished,that is,surface-structure sociocultural transfer and deep-structure sociocultural transfer. The former refers to the transfer occurs in the observable speech patterns and the transfer of cultural meanings of words,and the latter refers to the transfer of deep sociocultural values. Most scholars who have studied sociocultural transfer in the speech of foreign or second language learners have primarily examined the observable surface-structure sociocultural transfer,such as different ways of expressing gratitude and apologies. Since the deep-structure transfer is not overt and more difficult to detect,they can't be directly observed,thus they are easily to be overlooked by the target language speakers. And the research of this aspect is comparatively less,but the transfer of deep sociocultural values is an important issue which may bring more serious negative consequence,such as misunderstanding,conflict,hatred and even tragedy. Since the underlying values,cultural norms and rules as well as beliefs usually act as the agency to guide one's mind and direct their behavior,the study of deep-structure sociocultural transfer is important and significant.The focus of this dissertation is then on the deep-structure sociocultural transfer and its impact on communication. Close examination of 3 actual cases of negative sociocultural transfer in communicative events both verbal and non-verbal between native English and Chinese English speakers reveals that deep-structure sociocultural transfer does not only exist but also bring about serious communication problems without each party's knowing why. The examination indicates that:1) socio-cultural transfer is present even in the speech of proficient foreignlanguage speakers and in those who have been exposed to the target culture for some time. They may know the surface cultural differences without necessarily understanding the deep socio-cultural values;2) culture is rooted and plays a significant role in communication;3) ethnocentrism and ignorance of the target culture's underlying values and norms and the lack of a thorough understanding of one's own culture are the main causes of socio-cultural transfer.The implications of the dissertation are:1) Language proficiency does not mean cultural proficiency or cultural competence;there is a need for innovative ways to help foreign language learners develop socio-cultural sensitivity and socio-cultural competence.2) Culture is not primarily a laundry list of facts,and it is not solely concerned with art,literature,music,history,and geography as most teachers still regard. The teaching of culture should be conducted on a much broader level.3) Cultural understanding also applies to the understanding of one's own culture.4) Learning foreign socio-cultural values and rules may not ensure acquisition,because knowing about values and rules does not mean that one can and will apply them in thinking and communicating.