Economical And Social Analysis On Urban Zoning

It is no deny that city is the most important human living space. And with the rapid urbanization, it is become even important to human life. One of the most significant issues facing with city managers and public administrators is "how to make an effective city management". What is more, with the development of urbanization and modernization and its acceleration, administrators in practice facing a serious of sharp problems, such as industrial pollution, traffic congestion, public disorder, high crime rate, polarization of rich and poor, demolish and exploitation and etc. A lot of buildings and infrastructures are reduced their service life compulsorily which lead to a vast amount of stock treasures loss; conflictions between urban exploitation and protection for traditional culture features are becoming increasingly acute. Capabilities to such problems resolve and to satisfy those needs are not optimistic. This intertexture of various contradictions and problems means that: there is an urgent demand for a systematically thinking method and institutional solution method for city management.See from foreign practices, especially experiences form developed countries in Asia; zoning is an effective method to resolve problems above. A lot of issues could be resolved or alleviated through zoning. Every decision has its cost and gain. And similarly, there must be a pre-consideration of cost and gain of any decision-making. Therefore there must be an all-round analysis and consideration of cost and gain on zoning decision. As zoning is not a panacea, therefore institutions responsible to implementation must take economy, politics and culture into account in the context of city scale. But because of the complexity and its ever-changing in nature, it is not an easy matter to take such measure. Based on the achievements of scholars concerned and by making use of fundamental principles of vague mathematics, we build up a basic model to measure cost and gain on zoning decision. Management is a simple measure in cost and gain in no time; even it is also based on the measurement of cost and gain. It is especially for city managers who assume responsibilities of fairness and efficiency. On one hand, there would be no city development without efficiency. On the other hand, without fairness, citizens would be not benefited from development. And this would be ultimately leads to social unrest sometimes and undermine efficiency finally. This idea passes through the overall process of zoning decision. As a basic tool of city management, one of obvious characters of zoning is its performance are not only affected by the nature in itself but also by implementation institutions and environments. So to some extent, variables are the latter, and the former is invariables. It is must be recognized by city managers that the latter are determines of zoning decision, and also a main reason for polarized implement results. This made us draw attention to implementation institutions and environments. So we made a single chapter to discuss problems concerned. At the same time, we made a discussion in the progressive of zoning in detail with regard of demolish and exploitation above. By all endeavors we have made, we expect to develop a all-around reorganization of zoning and do some help to practitioners more or less.We adopted viewpoints and approaches of economic and sociological. Only can be quantified, can be called science, and only can be realize every aspect of social life, can be have real affect to city life. Economics is basis of management without a doubt, but its exploit in management is not good enough. And it is important to attach more attention to people and its action in management practice. Thus, sociological and psychological viewpoints are needed to analysis peoples' action and behavior. And this is a start point to design and conduct management behavior and to review management results. It is not only to discuss zoning but also to draw into viewpoints of economic, sociological and psychological, and to make proper use of such viewpoints in management practice. Please remember that we don't talk over zoning and its meaning in the background of urban planning but of urban management. Purpose of study on this subject is to provide city managers a new prospective for problems-resolving and a constructive approach. All in all, concern on zoning because of concern on city and its people. Purpose to resolve issues in urban management are to resolve issues in human development. There is no country and its government who can stop the development of urbanization and globalization. But with our endeavor, we can drive it toward the direction we expect. And minimize cost in this process.