A Study Of The Athletic Ability Structure And Its Characteristics Of Dominant Factors Of Partial Chinese Back-like High Jumpers

In the athletics of back-like high jump, the dominant factors of the athletic ability are different from those of the other sports. And it is the same with the subordinative main factors of the dominant ones. Therefore, it is of great significance to dig out these dominant factors of back-like high jumpers'athletic ability and their subordinative main factors for the practice of high jump in our country.Referring to a great amount of literature and widely consulting to the experts'advice and research, this study screens out demands of the athlete's ability, including fourteen items of modal demand, seven items of organic demand, eight items of athletic ability demand, twelve items of mental demand, nine items of diathetic demand, nine tactic demand, seven intellective demand and five items of idealistic demand. With these demands, questionnaires are carried out among one hundred and thirty-four athletes and coaches, in which eighty male and female athletes and fifty-four coaches are included. All the athletes are on or above national second level, of which twenty-five percent are national first level, and 8.7 percent are master sportsman. Most of the coaches which are investigated are high jump coaches, in which thirty-four percent are from national team, provincial team or city team.On the basis of the questionnaire done by the athletics and coaches, this study explores and finds out the dominant factors of the athletic ability of back-like high jumper as well as the subordinative main factors. Meanwhile, the characteristics of selecting and training excellent jumper are explained, and the demand system of the athletic ability in training athletes is established, hoping to shed some lights on the training of superexcellent jumpers for our country and preparing for the Olympic Games in 2008. The conclusions are as follows:Firstly, the study of the athletic ability of back-like high jump is based on the balanced developing of the holistic athletic ability and the synchronous developing of all the elements in athletic ability. The balanced developing does not mean average developing but the developing on the basis of the elementary abilities of the athletes.Secondly, athletic ability could be classified into inborn athletic ability and after-born athletic ability. The dominant factor of inborn ability is the heredity of athletic diathesis and the body modality. In the heredity of athletic diathesis, the most influential factors are running-up high trace and vertical jump, while in the heredity of the body modality, the most influential factors are stature, length of lower limps and crura.Thirdly, the dominant factors of after-born athletic ability are the training levels of diathesis, techniques and mentality. In diathetic training, the most significant factors are speed, power and balancing; in technical training, the most important factors are the combination of starting and running up, and the technique of start; while in metal training, the main factors are the emotion controlling ability and the volition quality of athlete.Fourthly, the dominant factors and their subordinative main factors of the athletic ability of back-like high jumper are not stable but dynamic. With the development of high jump and advancement of science and technology, these factors will also develop and change together with people's thorough understanding of this sport.