The Misreading On Martin Trow's Mass Higher Education Theory In China

In December 1998, the government made a major policy on enlarging enrolment, and then from 1998 to 2006, the scale of higher education rapidly expanded from 8.54 million to 25 million, the gross enrollment ratios rise from 9.8% to 22%. Chinese higher education has become the largest higher education in the world. Meanwhile, with the expansion it has already brought a series of issues, such as the decline in the quality of students, the lost in orientation of colleges and universities, the unfair problems in education, the unemployment of graduates, and so on. All of these deserved our profound reflections. We go for the "nature" to examine the understanding of Martin Trow's higher education massification theory, to contrast with our development in higher education massification. These are the purpose of my study. There are five chapters and a conclusion in this paper.The First Chapter is a brief description of the purpose and significance ofthis paper. It also concludes the investigation of the status quo at home and abroad, and the ideas and methods in research.The Second Chapter traces back to Martin Trow's higher education massification theory. Our country massification is mainly influenced by Martin Trow's theory. Therefore, to explore the development of higher education and find a way out, we must revert to Trow's theory, and grasp the core substance. Professor Trow posed the Higher Education Development Stage and the Higher Education Development Mode, sums up the experience in the higher education development of the world, which means a warning to post massification country. As a result, the empirical essence and included nature are two important characteristics of Trow's theory.The Third Chapter explores the fortune of Martin Trow's theory through inspection process of higher education massification in Japan. Japan is the second country after the United States for realizing the higher education massification. It's also a deeply effected country in Asia by Trow's theory. It is important for us in reference to know how Japanese scholars interpreted on Trow's theory. Japan used just 20 years to get the "golden era" of higher education since World War II, which made the whole world surprised. On the base of practice in higher education massification, Japan scholars criticized Trow's theory, and then established Japan higher education massification theory, which full of the Japanese characteristics. They held the points that Trow's theory is transitive stage is not coherent, and Trow's theory as a theory existed are not mature. As a result, they pose the post-massification stage, long life learning society and the concepts of system type theory. All above is developed Trow's theory.The Fourth Chapter reflects the misreading in Trow's higher education massification theory in China. This is a localization of Trow's theory in China. From extensive and in-depth researching, Chinese scholars have carried out a lot of viewpoints, one of them deepens the connotation of the Theory, one of them extended the space of the Theory, and one of them guided our massification practice. But there is no lack of misreading and misunderstandings. The misreading include the following five aspects: the "target" of higher education massification, the "mathematics" of higher education massification, the "finish" of higher education massification, the "Massification of the University" in higher education, and the "public benefit" of higher education massification, and so on.The Fifth Chapter sums up the experience of higher education massification practice process in China, and then make an assessment. Company with understanding of Trow's theory, the government has promulgated a series of policies to accelerate the expansion of the scale of higher education, which initiated the practice of higher education massification process. According to the changing of gross enrollment ratios in recent years, the practice process of Chinese higher education massification will be divided into three stages: the precursor of higher education massification, the quantity achieved of higher education massification, and the "quality" upgraded of higher education massification. From the practice we find that Chinese higher education massification include three features as follows: First, under the guidance of the government, higher education gross enrolment ratios growth rapidly; second, the connotative development is resulted that the elite higher education suffered tremendous impact from the mass higher education; third, unemployment problems have already become the critical target of higher education massification.In the process of the massification of higher education in China,we use the way "Roots" to review China's interpretation on Trow's mass higher education thoery to be in concrast with our own course of development, constantly, and to reflect the practice of mass higher education in our country. In theory, this article through reverting the connotation of Trow's mass higher education thoery and exploring the Japanese scholars'criticism and interpretation on Trow's "theory" ,which can help us improve the deep understanding of Trow's mass higher education theory, open up the international horizons of the massification thoery, and reveal the so much bias during China's interpretation on Trow's mass higher education thoery ,and also can give some reference to perfect the the theoretical system of mass higher education in our country. In practice, through visiting the development process of the massification of higher education in Japan and being in concrast with the various phenomena during the process of China's massification of higher educationn ,and from which, we hope to explore the crux of the problem in the process of China's massification of higher education, and to facilitate the smooth implementation of practice on mass higher education.