Research On "Sink" Problem Of Higher Learning Institution Specialty

High school mandarin hearing capacity evaluation , is one of the most important ingredient of education frame, for examination and improvement of student language capability. However at current situation, in most of China high schools, hearing capacity course and hearing capacity evaluation is nearly in blank. In view of present status, this paper is to seek an evaluation scheme for implementation of such absence in existing education systems. By implementing high school hearing capacity course as normal, there to widely and greatly promote student mandarin hearing capability .Total five parts compose the article. The first part introduces meaning of mandarin hearing capacity, as well as its components and importance. According to the requirement to the students'"hearing capacity","speaking capacity", and"oral communication capacity"of"the Reformation Outline of National Basic Education (Trying out)","Mandarin Courses Standards for Full-day Obligated Education (Experimentation)"and"Mandarin Courses Standards for General high School (Experimental)", as well as the definition of oral communication, quoted by most published articles, this part indicates the definition of hearing and speaking capacity ---that is, an essential basic capacity of well-using hearing capacity as well as well-understanding and truly-estimating others'intention so as to prepare for proper responds. The hearing and speaking capacity consists of five integrants such as indentifibility, attention, memory, comprehension and judgment. Improving the students'hearing and speaking capacity is not only the need of social development but also the need of exploiting the students'intelligence, advancing their thought, and the need of their study and self-perfecting.The second part reviews mandarin hearing education history and presents its current status. With the literature analysis and questionnaire survey, there goes out the conclusion, the high school students'hearing capacity is not in satisfactory condition. During the early Qin Dynasty, the mandarin education of china used to paid attention to hearing and speaking teaching. After the excution of imperial examinations system in Shui & Tang Dynasty, hearing and speaking capacity training had been being replaced by reading and writing training. At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, although the imperial examinations system was abolished, the hearing and speaking capacity training hadn't been paid attention to yet. Though the modern mandarin education refers to the cultivation of the students'speech capacity, the teaching of hearing capacity is neglected during the real teaching procedure as well. Looking back to our contemporary mandarin education, we can see that though the national teachings outline or course standards of all stages demands hearing capacity teaching, owing to lack of a normative valuated standard of hearing capacity evaluation, the hearing capacity test isn't ranged into the high school mandarin examination, the hearing capacity teaching is just listed in the outline without real practice. According to my survey and test of some students of the three grades of local schools, the students'hearing capacity isn't ideal.The third part tries to find out reason of the above mentioned. The paper blames high school student low hearing capacity to traditional concepts, teacher qualification, teaching material limitation, student learning time allocation, and especially to that a reasonable mandarin hearing capacity evaluation system was not established. The mandarin hearing capacity evaluation is the judgment to the achievement of the teaching aim of hearing capacity, by systemically collecting the information of five aspects of the students'hearing capacity, such as identifibility, attention, memory, comprehension and judgment. Because there isn't an unitive, scientific, concrete and workable evaluation standard, and neither the hearing capacity is ranged in the entrance examination evaluation scheme as same status as the"reading"and"writing", the hearing capacity evaluation is lost, directly resulting in the vacuity of the listening teaching and the ignorance of the cultivating of the students'hearing capacity.The forth part of the article, which is the emphasis and innovation of it, proposes a concept on high school mandarin hearing capacity evaluation system. The system takes the most optimal principle of the teaching process of Babahcknn---effect quality standard and time energy standard---as it's standards, and guided by the six elements of the evaluation of the language test theory , such as the reliability,the construct validity,the authenticity,the interactiveness,the impact and the practicality. It analyzes the character of transition of the mandarin education reformation and the real basic of the evaluation facility condition in China, and points out the feasibility of ranging the high school mandarin listening test into high school examination. Then it raises the hearing evaluation principles---scientific,historical,developing and subjectivity. Basing on the hearing capability constituting elements,it confirms the five standards of hearing evaluation--- identifibility, attention, memory, comprehension and judgment, and it suggests using the evaluation way consisting of diagnositc, evaluation, whose main body is the students and their paterfamilias, the forming evaluation and the terminative evaluation with an administrative main body. Having considered the selecting and practical character of the hearing capability evaluation, and the developing rule of the students'bodies and their mind, it prefers to choose the thinking, interesting and new listening materials on designing the test paper. The materials can be classified into news and interview, discussion and debate, speech and lecture, science and specification, literatures and arts on the aspects of the contents. Viewed at the difficulty degrees of the test paper, it can also be classified into sentences, paragraph, articles and spoken expressions. According to the analysis, if education of language hearing capacity could comply with the college entrance reform trends, graspes the core of evaluation methods reform, accesses equally to college entrance platform along with reading and writing, concentrates on types of hearing tests, establishes a reasonable, scientific and workable high school mandarin hearing capacity evaluation system, and then it's possible to effectively enhance high school student language capability. The fifth part comes out paper's ending. It points out, to establish a hearing capacity evaluation system in current high school Mandarin teaching, would achieve the target of education reform and also comply with its requirements, and which has become a practical requirement of social development.