A Study Of The Expert-novice Difference In The Cognitive Process Of Career Decision-making

The cognitive psychology uses the terminology of "decision-making" to express the psychological activity among multiple options of choice, which considering that the specialty is the interaction between the knowledge structure and the cognition processing capacity. This paper summarizes the main research conclusion of experts and the novices in the policy-making domain, carding the researches on the career policy-making process, introducing the existing theories in the cognitive process of career policy-making. We select 12 vocational guidance teachers and 12 dropouts as the objects of study, using the expert - novice compare to research the empirical study model, carrying the computer simulation through the E-prime psychology experiment system, and we have conducted more careful research on the cognition process of the experts and the novices' career decision-making. The results show that:1. The expert and the novice have different related career decision-making knowledge. The expert has the net-like career policy-making knowledge, and his single policy-making knowledge is easily connected with other related knowledge.2. The expert and the novice are different in the processing of the information which provides to the situation in its quantity and processing. The expert has the selectivity to the information, he uses situation information less than the novice, but unambiguous in information processing, displays are few for expert's information search number of times, the information search depth is small, comparing the difference with the novice to be remarkable, but the expert and novice's career policy-making time, the average search time does not have the remarkable difference.3. The knowledge level affects the information choice in career decision-making, but situation affects the career decision-making time as well as the information processing time.4. The expert's information search process is quite simple, primarily by the heuristic complete information strategy, but the novice's policy-making strategy by analytic expression complete information strategy primarily. According to the situation difference, the individual policy-making strategy also has the change, displaying the high situation compatibility and the sensitivity.