Research On Civics And Citizenship Education In Australian Primary And Secondary Schools

Citizenship education is increasingly becoming an important part of education around the world.It is an earlier country to implement civics and citizenship education in Australia.Its development about civics and citizenship education has been given much notice in the world.The development of civics and citizenship education in Australian primary and secondary schools experienced several stages.Finally,it forms Australian characteristics about civics and citizenship education system.Its civics and citizenship education assessment has been carried out steadily which is influenced by International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement(IEA).This condition ensures the implementation of civics and citizenship education.Successful experience about civics and citizenship education in Australia has the vital practical significance to the development of citizenship education in china.This thesis includes six parts as follows.Part one describes development process of civics and citizenship education in Australia.This process experiences four stages:civics and citizenship education establishment stage at the beginning of the 20^th century;civics and citizenship education reformation and adjustment stage from the 1930s to the 1950s;civics and citizenship education stagnation stage from the 1960s to the 1980s;civics and citizenship education reconstruction and flourishing stage from the middle of 1980s until now.Part two introduces main content of civics and citizenship education in Australian primary and secondary schools.Its contents of civics and citizenship education pays more attention to six fields such as political education,human rights education,legal education,environmental education,economic education and moral education.Part three elaborates civics and citizenship education way of complementation in primary and secondary schools.School education is the main place.The way of complementation can be reflected in classroom teaching,hiddlen curriculum,practice activity at school and so on.As a result of emphasis on student ability in social practice, it is one of ways for students to particpate community activity in civics and citizenship education.Part four introduces and explains civics and citizenship education assessment system in primary and secondary schools.Under the level assessment standard and score assessment standard,assessment not only has the detailed content,but also pays great attention to the civics and citizenship education relationship between the primary and the secondary schools. Part five summaries the characters of Australian civics and citizenship education. The characters can be concluded by total research on civics and citizenship education. First,resource coordination among school,family and community;Second,diverse unification about the contents of civics and citizenship education;Third,focus on improving the teacher's quality of civics and citizenship education;Fourth,emphasis on student's participation in citizen practice;Fifth,comprehensive assessment system for civics and citizenship education.Part six inspiration and lessons.It combines with chinese present situation of civics and citizenship education in primary and secondary schools.Useful experience behind civics and citizenship education in Australian may provide beneficial enlightening for the development of civics and citizenship education in chinese primary and secondary schools.