The Research Of Policy Based On Ethnic Orientation In Higher Education In China And The United States

As a unitive and multiracial nation,China as well as United States focus their attention on minority higher educaiton which not only refer to people's cultivation,but also decide the nation's solidarity and safety. Due to historical reasons,there is a widening gap between majority and minority in these two countries.Preferential policy are carried out but also casuse a series of problems.This dissertation has five sections ,details as follows.Section 1:Introduction.Section 2:The evolution of the preferential policy in minority higher education.The evolution begins with assimilative education and ends at multicultural education.In China,the preferential policy meet with the official approval,But in the United States,the preferential policy is in consequence of striving for civil rights of disadvantaged groups.China's government concerns how to link the minority education to the economy in the minority areas.The government of the United States give their attention to anti-discriminate and creating multicultural campuses.The preferential policy produce good results in the two countries. Nation structure,political system and social value judgment can explain why the preferential policy are different between the two countries.Section 3: The value direction of the preferential policy in minority higher educaiton.The value judgment about the preferential policy in minority higher educaiton in China is to maintain the national unity,to achieve the equality of nationality,to benefit the monority and to inherit the splendid traditional culture,which is different in the United states is to compensate for the historical loss,to pursue education equity and to combat racialism.China and the United States have very different values,but they all call for"multicultural"and"equality". Section 4:The content of the preferential policy in minority higher educaiton.In China,it includes the preference in minority student recruitment,preparatory courses and minority student class,student aid, minority education support and cooperation as well as the training of teaching staff.In the United States,it includes special admission for minority students,the project of remediation, financial assistance for minority students,inviting minority scholars to be teachers and having minority culture curriculum. Due to the different situations of two countries,The means they choose are alike but different in details. The dissertation analyze the content from five angles respectively.Section 5:The problems and disputes of the preferential policy in minority higher educaiton.The dispute in China mainly over three subjects that how to judge the minority identity,who should benefit from the preferential policy and how much benefit should be get as well as what the influence of the preferential policy.The dispute in the United States mainly over another three subjects that the different attitudes towards affirmative action of two parties,the influence of the adjudgement on the preferential policy and public opinion tremendous differ.Summing up the problems ,these disputes concerns two points:whether the preferential policy should be carry on and how to solve the excutive problems.Among the excutive problems, preference resources are possessed by some people who don't need them is the common problem which two countries'governments all care about.Besides that, minority students can't afford higher educaiton and the policy of targeted recruitment and oriented distribution appears gradually outdated in China.in the United States,affirmative action plan is in a dilemma.Section 6: implication and improvement. From three aspects, China should learn from the United States on the basis of efforts to promote ourselves.First,to expand the source of fund,strengthen the qualifications examination and the supervision of the use of funds. Second,to develop elementary education, mobilize all the people in our country.Third,to seek the foutune of the minority higher educaiton to improve its adaptability.