Comparative Study On Education Preferential Policy Between U.S.and China

In order to promote education equity and multiculture,education preferential policy had been developed in 1950s to 1960s.In the United States,Affirmative Action had been proposed for maintaining ethnic minorities rights,equity and diversity.After Civil Rights Movement,executive orders,congressional legislation,judicial guarantee,university implementation,organizational support and public feedback went through the process of Affirmative Action.With the value guidance of education equity,students’special abilities and multiculture,Marking Adding Policy in China related to education rights,additional score rule setting,relevant departments’ supports and supervisions.In their origins,this paper shows the theoretical and practical basis of those policies and points out there are some differences in guiding ideology and policy-setting between two counties.In the processes,according to the influencing factors,Affirmative Action shows various supports and supervisions in the implementation,while China shows a single channel of support and supervision.In the transitions,public polls and votes leads to the ban of Affirmative Action in U.S.but the compensation plans had been implemented in some states.However,surrounding by citizens’ discussions,Mark Adding Policy was adjusted by the authorities.Based on the comparison of these two policies,this paper figures out the differences of origins,processes and transitions of the educational preferential policies of the two countries.The orientation of values,the interests of target groups and the separation of powers lead to the abolition of Affirmative Action in higher education in U.S.,while policy-setting,implementation and feedback are the important parts in the amendment of Mark Adding policy in China.Thus,the reasons for transitions appears,which shows the problems in Mark Adding Policy in China,such as ignoring the logicality and inheritance,supervision system and participation of universities and the public.Although Affirmative Action were full of frustration,it has gained experience.For example,its logicality,inheritance and supervision system can be used in the improvement of the policy-setting,implementation and feedback in China.It is significant for China to standardize Mark Adding Policy and learn from Affirmative Action.