The Teaching Research About Words' Meaning In Primary School

The article reviews the semantic teaching in primary schools after Founding and analyzes the status of it: there are a lot of up-to-date ideas about the purpose of the existing semantic teaching in primary schools, but the teachers can not reach the consensus in practical teaching; The content is increasingly mature, but has not yet effectively to carry out the distribution and refinement in accordance with the psychological characteristics of students in each grade, still with some vagueness in it; The teaching methods are various, but did not form a system.In view of the above issues, the author referred several influential monographs in the academic circles to define the semantics. Based on the above summary of academic and then integrate of curriculum standards, the existing practice of teaching materials and the students, the author merges the same statements, simplifies the complex details, deletes the more profound and complex content to form a simple, centralized system of primary semantic content: the author proposed to place sememe as semantic unit while to place the semantic field as the structural relationship among the semantics and divide semantic into the literal meaning and pragmatic meaning. The literal meaning contains the basic meaning and the subsidiary meaning. The pragmatic meaning contains the rhetoric meaning and the situational meaning.In order to establish the normative system of primary school semantic teaching methods, the author arranged the standpoints of all the scholars by analyzing the process of semantic memory, storage and activation; In the end, we find the the Spreading Activation Model is the best model fitting the semantic representation .As a result of studying Piaget's Cognition Development Theory, we deduced the psychological process of primary students' understanding of semantics in each grade.According to the materials above,the researcher find, for a person, that the strength of ability to understand word meaning reflects in the following aspects:the numbers of word node—the richness of the words storage; the connection numbers from one word node—the sensitivity of words' meanings; the connection basis among words—the flexibility and creativity of words using.Thus, the author summarized the teaching method of primary semantic system: combined with Bruner's spiral curriculum, the article raised the Spreading Activation Model of semantic teaching. Firstly, we can spread the content of semantic teaching in all academic phase.Then,we analyze the essentials which based on the characteristics of the Spreading Activation Model to guide students to master the meanings .Secondly,we use the model as the center and combine some teaching examples for spreading out a series of ways in order to help students building the Spreading Activation Model of the Inner Lexicon.At last,we can guide students through an orderly search to activate semantic information which is needed .In the practical teaching,the teachers can help students at the following aspects:In the middle and low grades,teachers always instruct students accumulate words to extension word nodes and rich the storage of words.At the same time, teachers help students establish the connection among words and learned the literal meanings of words to connect the word nodes. As a result,the students can form a rich net of words meaning in brain and improve the sensitivity of words. In this phase,students can try to build the Inner lexicon of the Spreading Activation Model. In the high-grade teaching, we start to permeate the subsidiary meaning and the pragmatic meaning. The teacher need greater integration of text content to help students find the diverse connection among words.Teachers can guide students to expand the connection basis among words for building more accessible nodes.Thereby,the students can activate the meanings more flexible.Thus,students can not only deepen the understanding of the text,but also develop the innovative of the creative using of the words while the divergent thinking is growing.