Song Dynasty Cuju Sports Research

Cuju sports starts from the Warring States Period,which had a long history in ancient China. It has undergone Qin Dynasty,Han Dynasty , Tang and Song Dynasties 3 peak, the earliest record about"Ju"manufacture appeared in Han Shu.During the period of Han dynansty, the shape and internal structure of"Ju"is very easy. Observing from the external shape , it is synthesised by 2 leather, which fills the hair insidely, as a solid ball. While in the Tang dynasty, the production of"Ju"changes greatly; The"Ju"of Tang dynasty is composed by 8 leather,gallbladder insidely, and as a inflatable ball; the external shape is mostly closer to the circular.In song dynasty , the external shape and internal structure about"Ju"are similarly, which is consisted of 12 or 16 leather, and the cattle cells inflatable ball. The tecnology of"Ju"production is more mature, and its types more diverse.According to the game system and particapation in different social groups, the Cuju sports of song dynansty have different rules, and is mostly divided into"Zhu-qiu"and"Bai-da"two types. One of its salient features is that emphasizing the nature of the body weakened gradually, and the contrary, its entertaining to watch components increased."Bai-da"is belonging to the activity of personal performance, without goal; and higher requirements on players about the controling of the ball. the players whole body may touch the ball except the hands, changing various patterns; the firstly flooring or offenders all lost."Zhu-qiu"is the way of needing the goal, is evolution from the military of Cuju. thirty feet high bamboo setting in the middle of site , on the top of bamboo is"feng-liu-yan"; both teams stand up on the both sides of the bamboo , each team have 12 members, and secretary for the job is different while have different names, the winner is the team that which are more to breaking the goal. As the entertainment and cultural prosperity of the song dynasty, Cuju groups also appeared in a special cuju performance groups. QI Yun society is the most famous of all the cuju groups. It is six-hundred years ealier than the west similar groups.In song dynasty, from the emperor to the literati and bureaucratic class all would be Cuju as a usual activity. Emperor Song Tai-zu,Emperor Tai-zong,Emperor Hui-zong and Emperor Xiao-zong are all the cuju sports enthusiasts.As the song scholars, there are Ding Wei,Gao Qiu,Li Bang-Yan and other famous figures about cuju sports. Cuju has become the fun party items when song dynasty hospitality foreign envoys, becoming a ritual culture.Song official"Jiao-fang"department also have special cuju artists, engaging in performing activities.Song dynansty people is also love"Cuju"sports deeply, just like the former government. With the development of economic andculture entertainment, emegering civil cuju representatives such as Wu Jin- Jiao,Pang An -Chang and so on. There are still many unknown cuju artiests in"Gou-Lan"and"Wa-She"markets. In Qingming,Mid-autumn Day,double ninth festival and so on, Cuju performance is also a popular entertaiment item. The flourish of song dyansty Cuju sports also affected the surrounding politic; In Jin dynasty , there is JiaoFang staff specializing in cuju performance. In the relics of Jin dynasty, there are also many bronze mirror about Cuju.The prosperity of Song dynasty cuju, there are some historical legacy of the former administration, but by the song dynasty culture and entertainment at that time,the development of commodity economy,the official model and other factors to stimulate; and the rise of the public class is the Cuju sports important foundation for rapid development. Song's Cuju sports prosperity promote the sport, especially the development of ball games, and also enhance the national constitution, enriching people's material and cultural life, at the same time promoting the song dynasty and the surrounding neighbor culture combined with exchanging.