Research Of The Song Dynasty Kickball Development

Cuju, also known as Taju, is a kind of ancient Chinese"football"game. Cuju has quite a long history in China. according to the research of Liu Xiang, a scholar of western Han Dynasty, it originated from the Yellow Emperor five thousand years ago; through the spread and evolution in the Warring States Period and the Han Dynasty, the Wei and Jin Dynasties as well as in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Cuju reached its peak during the Tang and Song Dynasties. To the Song Dynasty, Cuju became a commercialized sport, a highly popular social entertainment activity, and it was also popurlar from the king to the common people, soldiers, and even women. In cities, professional Cuju players appeared , who performed in court banquet, or amusement places. Therefore, Cuju was not only self-amused, but also amused others. The production technology and scale of Cuju were greatly developed and improved in Song Dynasty. Cuju development in Song Dynasty was based on the development of commodity economy.Therefore, it was much commercialized. The study is set in the development of Cuju in Song Dynasty, and it deeply analyzes the influence of commodity economy in Song Dynasty on the development of Cuju.The article seeks to do research under the guide of Marxist Historical Materialism. With particular emphasis on the theory of physical education, it adopts the theories of sociology, history, and other subjects. On the data used in the paper, first-hand information has the priority to be collected and used, including documents and archives, the discussion at that time, and the press information.Paper is divided into four parts. The first part introduces the origin of Cuju, evolution and profiles of development. Article discusses the different views on the origin, name evolution of Cuju and the development process of it during the Warring States Period and Han, Sui and Tang to Song Dynasty, and the wane process of it during Song and the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The second part discusses the development of Cuju under the influence of commodity economy of Song Dynasty, which is one of the main part of this article. This section discusses the culture and advanced economic development of Song Dynasty; then the influence of Song commodity economy development to the development of Cuju is discussed: First, the changes of the city pattern laid the mass foundation for mading Cuju popular. Second,the appearance of non-agricultural residents were in favor of the spread and exchange of Cuju. Third, the rise of entertainment places provided a platform for the formation of the commercialization of Cuju.The third part discusses the influence of the commodity economy development of Song Dynasty on Cuju innovation. This is the main part of the article. First, guild organizations of Cuju in Song Dynasty were emerged, the most representative one is Qi Yun Club, also known as Circle Club. Second, there were many improvements in technology, and it became more and more standard. A lot of ways and means in the style of playing Cuju were added. Third, the production technics of Cuju became more and more exquisite. Fourth, there were many literary records about Cuju in Song Dynasty. Finally, to some extent, women's Cuju had a new development.The fourth part discusses the alienation of Cuju in Song Dynasty under the influence of commodity economy, which is also the main part of the article. Cuju in Song Dynasty emphasized individual skill more than teamwork; During this period, the military role of Cuju reduced, entertainment components increased; and single goal competition was adopted in Song Dynasty which reduced the interest of Cuju. At this time, although there were some development about Cuju, the decaying signs of it became increasingly apparent inevitably. And the last part is the summary of the paper.